湿垃圾组分对厌氧消化抑制作用的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1166

化工进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (S2): 362-371.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1166

湿垃圾组分对厌氧消化抑制作用的研究进展

邹联沛¹(), 宋琳¹, 李小伟¹(), 万雨岚¹, 李曼¹, 刘建勇¹, 欧阳创², 奚慧², 钱光人¹, 戴晓虎³

^1.上海大学环境与化学工程学院，有机复合污染控制工程教育部重点实验室，上海 200444
^2.上海市环境工程设计科学研究院有限公司/上海环境卫生工程设计院有限公司，上海 200232
^3.同济大学环境科学与工程学院，上海 200092

收稿日期:2020-06-23 出版日期:2020-11-20 发布日期:2020-11-17
通讯作者: 李小伟
作者简介:邹联沛（1965—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向为有机固体废弃物处理与资源利用。E-mail：zoulianpei@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“固废资源化”重点专项(2018YFC1903201);上海市科学技术委员会科研计划(19DZ1204702);城投自立项目“上海市湿垃圾处理关键技术集成与示范”

Research progress of the inhibition of components of food waste on anaerobic digestion

Lianpei ZOU¹(), Lin SONG¹, Xiaowei LI¹(), Yulan WAN¹, Man LI¹, Jianyong LIU¹, Chuang OUYANG², Hui XI², Guangren QIAN¹, Xiaohu DAI³

^1.Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
^2.Shanghai Environmental Engineering Design Research Institute Company Limited/Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Company Limited, Shanghai 200232, China
^3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Received:2020-06-23 Online:2020-11-20 Published:2020-11-17
Contact: Xiaowei LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着人民生活水平的提高以及垃圾分类工作的开展，我国湿垃圾产量预计将进一步增大，这对湿垃圾的处理处置形成新的挑战。厌氧消化可以实现湿垃圾的资源利用，是目前主流的处理工艺，但湿垃圾组分理化特性可能会对其厌氧消化产生抑制作用。通过文献调研，本文总结了国内外湿垃圾的理化特性，发现不同地区湿垃圾的组分差异较大，并且湿垃圾具有高易腐有机物、高蛋白、高油脂、高盐分、高粗纤维等特性，这会使厌氧消化系统容易产生酸化、氨抑制、反应速率慢等问题。在此基础上，针对湿垃圾组分特性带来的抑制问题，本文提出了共消化、投加添加剂、去除抑制因子和选用合适的工艺形式等优化缓解方法，最后对未来的研究方向提出了展望，以期为湿垃圾资源化提供参考。

关键词: 垃圾分类, 湿垃圾, 理化特性, 厌氧消化, 抑制, 缓解方法

Abstract:

With the improvement of living standard of people and the implementation of garbage classification, the production of food waste in China is gradually increasing, which poses a new challenge to environmental pollution control. Anaerobic digestion is one of the mainstream treatment methods because it can realize the resource utilization of food waste. However, characteristics of food waste may inhibit the anaerobic digestion process. This paper summarizes the characteristics of food waste at home and abroad, and finds that the components of food waste in different regions are quite different. Food waste has the characteristics of high perishable organic matter, high protein, high fat, high salt and high crude fiber, which can easily cause some problems such as acidification, ammonia suppression and long solid retention time. They can be relieved by co-digestion with other substances, addition of additives, removal of inhibitors and selection of appropriate processes. Finally, the mitigation methods of each component of food waste are summarized and the research prospects are proposed, to promote the development of resource utilization of food waste.

Key words: garbage classification, food waste, physicochemical characteristics, anaerobic digestion, inhibition, mitigation methods

中图分类号:

X 799.3

邹联沛, 宋琳, 李小伟, 万雨岚, 李曼, 刘建勇, 欧阳创, 奚慧, 钱光人, 戴晓虎. 湿垃圾组分对厌氧消化抑制作用的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S2): 362-371.

Lianpei ZOU, Lin SONG, Xiaowei LI, Yulan WAN, Man LI, Jianyong LIU, Chuang OUYANG, Hui XI, Guangren QIAN, Xiaohu DAI. Research progress of the inhibition of components of food waste on anaerobic digestion[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(S2): 362-371.

图/表 6

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垃圾类型	地点	年份^②	采样类型	含水率 /%	pH	总固体含量 /%	挥发性固体含量 /%	有机质含量 /%	碳水化合物 /%	粗蛋白 /%	粗脂肪 /%	粗纤维 /%	Na^+③ /g·L^-1	C /%	H /%	O /%	N /%	S /%	C/N	参考文献
餐厨垃圾
国内	北京	2010	食堂	77.26	5.43	22.74	20.27	89.14	32.94	15.26	25.39	8.32	1.84	47.66	—	—	2.24	—	21.28	[13]
	西安	2018	食堂	—	5.10	6.64	4.02	88.20	—	21.00	15.00	9.00	1.46	—	—	—	—	—	18.50	[14]
	拉萨	2019	食堂	80.00	—	20.00	18.60	93.00	—	15.00	5.00	—	0.40～2.00	36.00	—	—	—	—	—	[15]
	大连	2019	食堂	—	5.70	—	—	89.20	—	—	—	—	—	50.30	7.10	29.10	2.70	—	18.60	[16]
国外	美国	2016	餐馆	84.50	—	—	—	90.90	—	22.30	38.30	17.40	—	50.90	—	—	—	—	—	[17]
	印度	2018	食堂	77.00	5.50	23.00	21.00	91.00	—	—	—	—	—	22.50	7.30	—	—	—	24.00	[18]
厨余垃圾
国内	上海	2015	家庭	80.12	—	19.88	—	—	—	15.59	8.00	—	0.87	46.53	8.80	32.65	3.02	0.55	16.44	[19]
	哈尔滨	2019	家庭	—	4.80～5.90	—	—	—	39.20～65.60	6.20～18.50	0.80～7.30	—	—	40.90～61.30	2.80～6.10	—	—	—	14.60～17.70	[20]
	宁波	2019	生产线	72.10	4.80～5.30	27.90	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	24.80	[21]
国外	瑞典	2014	家庭	—	—	—	—	—	—	10.51	11.91	28.01	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	[22]
	英国	2019	家庭	—	—	26.00	23.40	90.00	—	11.00	—	—	—	47.50	6.40	36.1	3.30	0.50	14.39	[23]
菜场垃圾
国内	成都	2017	菜市场	—	5.60	10.57	—	92.10	73.60	13.20	3.40	11.90	—	44.50	2.64	—	—	—	17.10	[24]
	兰州	2014	蔬菜库	—	5.10	6.80	—	81.30	—	—	—	—	—	36.30	4.90	—	3.90	—	9.50	[25]
	北京	2010	菜市场	93.33	6.28	6.67	5.95	89.21	—	13.81	4.33	25.42	—	41.58	—	—	2.26	—	17.21	[13]
国外	墨西哥	2020	果蔬	89.81	5.52	—	—	87.66	—	12.63	—	47.46	—	51.69	3.43	42.69	2.19	—	23.60	[26]
	巴西	2018	果蔬	—	3.90	—	—	93.80	51.78	14.82	2.53	24.67	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	[27]

垃圾类型	地点	年份^②	采样类型	含水率 /%	pH	总固体含量 /%	挥发性固体含量 /%	有机质含量 /%	碳水化合物 /%	粗蛋白 /%	粗脂肪 /%	粗纤维 /%	Na^+③ /g·L^-1	C /%	H /%	O /%	N /%	S /%	C/N	参考文献
餐厨垃圾
国内	北京	2010	食堂	77.26	5.43	22.74	20.27	89.14	32.94	15.26	25.39	8.32	1.84	47.66	—	—	2.24	—	21.28	[13]
	西安	2018	食堂	—	5.10	6.64	4.02	88.20	—	21.00	15.00	9.00	1.46	—	—	—	—	—	18.50	[14]
	拉萨	2019	食堂	80.00	—	20.00	18.60	93.00	—	15.00	5.00	—	0.40～2.00	36.00	—	—	—	—	—	[15]
	大连	2019	食堂	—	5.70	—	—	89.20	—	—	—	—	—	50.30	7.10	29.10	2.70	—	18.60	[16]
国外	美国	2016	餐馆	84.50	—	—	—	90.90	—	22.30	38.30	17.40	—	50.90	—	—	—	—	—	[17]
	印度	2018	食堂	77.00	5.50	23.00	21.00	91.00	—	—	—	—	—	22.50	7.30	—	—	—	24.00	[18]
厨余垃圾
国内	上海	2015	家庭	80.12	—	19.88	—	—	—	15.59	8.00	—	0.87	46.53	8.80	32.65	3.02	0.55	16.44	[19]
	哈尔滨	2019	家庭	—	4.80～5.90	—	—	—	39.20～65.60	6.20～18.50	0.80～7.30	—	—	40.90～61.30	2.80～6.10	—	—	—	14.60～17.70	[20]
	宁波	2019	生产线	72.10	4.80～5.30	27.90	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	24.80	[21]
国外	瑞典	2014	家庭	—	—	—	—	—	—	10.51	11.91	28.01	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	[22]
	英国	2019	家庭	—	—	26.00	23.40	90.00	—	11.00	—	—	—	47.50	6.40	36.1	3.30	0.50	14.39	[23]
菜场垃圾
国内	成都	2017	菜市场	—	5.60	10.57	—	92.10	73.60	13.20	3.40	11.90	—	44.50	2.64	—	—	—	17.10	[24]
	兰州	2014	蔬菜库	—	5.10	6.80	—	81.30	—	—	—	—	—	36.30	4.90	—	3.90	—	9.50	[25]
	北京	2010	菜市场	93.33	6.28	6.67	5.95	89.21	—	13.81	4.33	25.42	—	41.58	—	—	2.26	—	17.21	[13]
国外	墨西哥	2020	果蔬	89.81	5.52	—	—	87.66	—	12.63	—	47.46	—	51.69	3.43	42.69	2.19	—	23.60	[26]
	巴西	2018	果蔬	—	3.90	—	—	93.80	51.78	14.82	2.53	24.67	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	[27]

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湿垃圾组分对厌氧消化抑制作用的研究进展

Research progress of the inhibition of components of food waste on anaerobic digestion

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