化工进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (9): 4308-4319.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-2296
收稿日期:
2018-11-26
出版日期:
2019-09-05
发布日期:
2019-09-05
通讯作者:
何绪文
作者简介:
宋俊颖(1991—),女,博士研究生,研究方向为重金属污染土壤修复材料。E-mail:基金资助:
Junying SONG(),Xuwen HE(),Zhanbin HUANG
Received:
2018-11-26
Online:
2019-09-05
Published:
2019-09-05
Contact:
Xuwen HE
摘要:
随着工业的发展,特别是采矿冶炼等行业的发展,使含重金属的废弃物进入土壤,造成土壤重金属污染,对环境和人体健康产生极大威胁。本文以湖南怀化某铅锌矿渣堆放地周围污染土壤为研究目标,通过壳聚糖及其衍生物对污染土壤中重金属离子的稳定化实验,筛选出对目标重金属(Cd2+、Pb2+、Zn2+)具有最佳稳定效果的稳定剂,探究了稳定剂对土壤中重金属离子的稳定机理,并在模拟酸雨淋溶条件下研究了最佳稳定剂对重金属离子的长期稳定化效果。稳定化实验结果表明,壳聚糖及其衍生物对土壤重金属离子均有稳定化作用,其中羧甲基壳聚糖的稳定效果最好,其使污染土壤中重金属离子的可迁移性及生物有效性明显降低。通过重金属形态分析、扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)分析得出稳定剂与土壤中重金属离子发生反应生成络合物,并通过机理分析进一步验证了羧甲基壳聚糖的稳定效果最好;淋溶实验表明,羧甲基壳聚糖对土壤中重金属离子具有长期稳定性,经其稳定后土壤中重金属离子以更稳定不易迁移的形态存在,且使土壤环境得到改善,增强了土壤本身对重金属离子的稳定。羧甲基壳聚糖有望成为修复重金属(Cd2+、Pb2+、Zn2+)污染土壤的优良稳定剂。
中图分类号:
宋俊颖,何绪文,黄占斌. 壳聚糖及其衍生物对土壤重金属的稳定化效应[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(9): 4308-4319.
Junying SONG,Xuwen HE,Zhanbin HUANG. Stabilization of heavy metals in soil by chitosan and its derivatives[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(9): 4308-4319.
重金属形态 | 提取液 | 振荡时间 |
---|---|---|
弱酸提取态 | 0.11mol/L HOAc | 25℃,16h |
可还原态 | 0.5mol/L NH2OH·HCl | 25℃,16h |
可氧化态 | 30%H2O2 0.02mol/L HNO3(pH=2) 1.0mol/L NH4OAc | 25℃, 1h 85℃, 1h 25℃, 16h |
残渣态 | HNO3/HCL/HF | 微波消解 |
表1 BCR形态分级提取步骤
重金属形态 | 提取液 | 振荡时间 |
---|---|---|
弱酸提取态 | 0.11mol/L HOAc | 25℃,16h |
可还原态 | 0.5mol/L NH2OH·HCl | 25℃,16h |
可氧化态 | 30%H2O2 0.02mol/L HNO3(pH=2) 1.0mol/L NH4OAc | 25℃, 1h 85℃, 1h 25℃, 16h |
残渣态 | HNO3/HCL/HF | 微波消解 |
元素 | 实际平均值 /mg·kg-1 | 中国土壤元素背景值/mg·kg-1 | 超标倍数 |
---|---|---|---|
Cd | 416.49 | 0.097 | 4293.71 |
Pb | 1038.36 | 26 | 39.94 |
Zn | 2551.15 | 74.2 | 34.38 |
表2 土壤中重金属含量
元素 | 实际平均值 /mg·kg-1 | 中国土壤元素背景值/mg·kg-1 | 超标倍数 |
---|---|---|---|
Cd | 416.49 | 0.097 | 4293.71 |
Pb | 1038.36 | 26 | 39.94 |
Zn | 2551.15 | 74.2 | 34.38 |
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