不同电极间距下自生电场膜生物反应器中的膜污染行为分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0415

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以自制铜纳米线（Cu-NWs）导电微滤膜为膜组件兼阴极，构建自生电场膜生物反应器（SEF-MBR），研究不同电极间距下自生电场强度、跨膜压差（TMP）与膜污染行为的变化规律，可为MBR技术升级及进一步推广应用提供理论依据。结果表明，当电极间距从4cm减小到2cm时，自生电场强度从0.7mV/cm提高到1.2mV/cm，TMP的上升速度从0.15kPa/d降低到0.08kPa/d。缩短电极间距有利于缓解膜污染。随电极间距减小，静电斥力提高了40.5%，阴极产生的H₂O₂和·OH浓度也大大增加。电极间距对SEF-MBRs好氧活性污泥的胞外聚合物含量影响不大，但均低于对照MBR系统。共聚焦激光扫描电镜（CLSM）观察发现，与对照系统相比，导电微滤膜表面的污染层厚度减小了20.2%，膜表面污染物以微生物总细胞和β-D-glucopyranose多糖为主。缩短电极间距可提高系统自生电场强度，进而提高静电斥力及H₂O₂和·OH产生量，减缓膜污染。

关键词: 电极间距, 电场强度, 自生电场膜生物反应器, 膜污染

Abstract: A novel spontaneous electric field membrane bioreactor (SEF-MBR) was established in this paper by taking the prepared Cu-nanowires (Cu-NWs) conductive microfiltration membrane as membrane module and cathode. The variations in spontaneous electric field strength, transmembrane pressure (TMP) and membrane fouling behavior under different electrode distances were studied, which will provide theoretical basis for the upgrading and further application of MBR technology. When the electrode distances decreased to 2cm from 4cm, the average electric field strength increased to 1.2mV/cm from 0.7mV/cm, and the rising rate of TMP decreased to 0.08kPa/d from 0.15kPa/d. With the shorten electrode distance, the electrostatic repulsion force increased by about 40.5%, and the concentrations of H₂O₂ and·OH also increased significantly. The influence of electrode distance on the contents of extracellular polymeric substances of aerobic sludge was negligible, but both lower than that of the control MBR system. The observation of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that the cake layer thickness of conductive microfiltration membrane was reduced by 20.2% and dominated by the total cells and β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides compared with the commercial PVDF membrane. The reduction of electrode distance increased the electric field intensity, and further increased the electrostatic repulsion force and concentrations of H₂O₂ and·OH. The membrane fouling was finally mitigated.

Key words: electrode distance, electric field strength, spontaneous electric field membrane bioreactor, membrane fouling

中图分类号:

X703.5

印霞棐, 李秀芬, 华兆哲, 任月萍, 王新华. 不同电极间距下自生电场膜生物反应器中的膜污染行为分析[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(11): 4485-4492.

YIN Xiafei, LI Xiufen, HUA Zhaozhe, REN Yueping, WANG Xinhua. Membrane fouling behavior in a spontaneous electric field membrane bioreactor under different electrode distance[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(11): 4485-4492.

参考文献

[1] ISHIZAKI S, TERADA K, MIYAKE H, et al. Impact of anodic respiration on biopolymer production and consequent membrane fouling[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2016, 50(17):9515-9523.
[2] TAN S W, LI W G. Behaviour of fouling-related components in an enhanced membrane bioreactor using marine activated sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 220:401-406.
[3] WEERASEKARA N A, CHOO K H, LEE C H. Biofouling control:Bacterial quorum quenching versus chlorination in membrane bioreactors[J]. Water Research, 2016, 103:293-301.
[4] LIU J D, LIU L F, GAO B, et al. Minute electric field reduced membrane fouling and improved performance of membrane bioreactor[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2012, 86:106-112.
[5] CHUNG C M, TOBINO T, CHO K, et al. Alleviation of membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor with electrochemical oxidation mediated by in-situ free chlorine generation[J]. Water Research, 2016, 96:52-61.
[6] LIU J D, LIU L F, GAO B, et al. Integration of bio-electrochemical cell in membrane bioreactor for membrane cathode fouling reduction through electricity generation[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2013, 430:196-202.
[7] TIAN Y, LI H, LI L P, et al. In-situ integration of microbial fuel cell with hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment and membrane fouling mitigation[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2015, 64(4):189-195.
[8] ZHOU G W, ZHOU Y H, ZHOU G Q, et al. Assessment of a novel overflow-type electrochemical membrane bioreactor (EMBR) for wastewater treatment, energy recovery and membrane fouling mitigation[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 196:648-655.
[9] LI Y J, LIU L F, LIU J D, et al. PPy/AQS (9, 10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid) and PPy/ARS (Alizarin Red's) modified stainless steel mesh as cathode membrane in an integrated MBR/MFC system[J]. Desalination, 2014, 349:94-101.
[10] LI N, LIU L F, YANG F L. Power generation enhanced by a polyaniline-phytic acid modified filter electrode integrating microbial fuel cell with membrane bioreactor[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2014, 132:213-217.
[11] LI Y H, LIU L F, YANG F L, et al. Performance of carbon fiber cathode membrane with C-Mn-Fe-O catalyst in MBR-MFC for wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 484:27-34.
[12] LI Y H, LIU L F, YANG F L. High flux carbon fiber cloth membrane with thin catalyst coating integrates bio-electricity generation in wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2016, 505:130-137.
[13] WANG Y K, LI W W, SHENG G P, et al. In-situ utilization of generated electricity in an electrochemical membrane bioreactor to mitigate membrane fouling[J]. Water Research, 2013, 47(15):5794-5800.
[14] LIU J D, LIU L F, GAO B, et al. Integration of microbial fuel cell with independent membrane cathode bioreactor for power generation, membrane fouling mitigation and wastewater treatment[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(31):17865-17872.
[15] LIU J M, WANG X H, WANG Z W, et al. Integrating microbial fuel cells with anaerobic acidification and forward osmosis membrane for enhancing bio-electricity and water recovery from low-strength wastewater[J]. Water Research, 2017, 110:74-82.
[16] KUMAR R, SINGH L, ZULARISAM A W, et al. Potential of porous Co₃O₄ nanorods as cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in microbial fuel cells[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 220:537-542.
[17] NING X A, WEN W B, ZHANG Y P, et al. Enhanced dewaterability of textile dyeing sludge using micro-electrolysis pretreatment[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2015, 161:181-187.
[18] 国家环保总局. 水和废水检测分析方法[M]. 4版. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2002. State Environmental Protection Administration. Method of water and wastewater detection and analysis[M]. 4th ed. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2002.
[19] CHEN C Y, CHEN T Y, CHUNG Y C. A comparison of bioelectricity in microbial fuel cells with aerobic and anaerobic anodes[J]. Environmental Technology, 2014, 35(3):286-293.
[20] 马彩霞. 基于纳米材料的微生物燃料电池阳极自介导电子传递机理研究[D]. 重庆:西南大学, 2015. MA C X. Analysis of self-mediated extracellular electron transfer of bacteria cells based on nanostructured anode[D]. Chongqing:Southwest University, 2015.
[21] 周向同. 微生物燃料电池去除叠氮化物和氨氮的特性与机制[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2016. ZHOU X T. Characteristics and mechanisms of microbial fuel cell removing azide and ammonia[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2016.
[22] 邹聪慧, 徐方成, 陈新华. 海洋产电菌Shewanella marisflavi EP1的脱色特性[J]. 微生物学通报, 2011, 38(1):2-7. ZOU C H, XU F C, CHEN X H. Decolorization of dyes by a current-producing bacterium Shewanella marisflavi EP1 isolated from sea sediments[J]. Microbiology China, 2011, 38(1):2-7.
[23] MEITL L A, EGGLESTON C M, COLBERG P J S, et al. Electrochemical interaction of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and its outer membrane cytochromes OmcA and MtrC with hematite electrodes[J]. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 2009, 73(18):5292-5307.
[24] ZHAO Y N, LI X F, REN Y P, et al. Effect of static magnetic field on the performances of and anode biofilms in microbial fuel cells[J]. RSC Advances, 2016, 85(6):82301-82308.
[25] PENG X H, YU H B, WANG X, et al. Enhanced performance and capacitance behavior of anode by rolling Fe₃O₄ into activated carbon in microbial fuel cells[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 121(10):450-453.
[26] MILLER D J, KASEMSET S, PAUL D R, et al. Comparison of membrane fouling at constant flux and constant transmembrane pressure conditions[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 454(6):505-515.
[27] WANG J, ZHENG Y W, JIA H, et al. In situ investigation of processing property in combination with integration of microbial fuel cell and tubular membrane bioreactor[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 149:163-168.
[28] BORDEN A J, MEI H C, BUSSCHER H J. Electric-current-induced detachment of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains from surgical stainless steel[J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B, 2010, 68B (2):160-164.
[29] XU L, ZHANG G Q, YUAN G E, et al. Anti-fouling performance and mechanism of anthraquinone/polypyrrole composite modified membrane cathode in a novel MFC-aerobic MBR coupled system[J]. RSC Advances, 2015, 29(5):22533-22543.
[30] ZHANG G Q, YANG F L, GAO M M, et al. Electro-Fenton degradation of azo dye using polypyrrole/anthraquinonedisulphonate composite film modified graphite cathode in acidic aqueous solutions[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2008, 53(16):5155-5161.
[31] HASAN S W, ELEKTOROWICZ M, OLESZKIEWICZ J A. Correlations between trans-membrane pressure (TMP) and sludge properties in submerged membrane electro-bioreactor (SMEBR) and conventional membrane bioreactor (MBR)[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 120(3):199-205.
[32] GHOLIKANDI G B, ZAKIZADEH N, MASIHI H. Application of peroxymonosulfate-ozone advanced oxidation process for simultaneous waste-activated sludge stabilization and dewatering purposes:a comparative study[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018, 206:523-531.
[33] LIEW M K H, FANE A G, ROGERS P L. Hydraulic resistance and fouling of microfilters by Candida utilis in fermentation broth[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1995, 48(2):108-117.
[34] 胡小兵, 叶星, 周元凯, 等. 胞外聚合物对活性污泥吸附生活污水碳源的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2016, 36(11):4062-4069. HU X B, YE X, ZHOU Y K, et al. The effect of extracellular polymeric substances on adsorption of the carbon source in sewage by activated sludge[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2016, 36(11):4062-4069.
[35] 陈得军, 闫长领, 王公轲, 等. Cu(Ⅱ)与牛血清白蛋白结合位点数和结合平衡常数的研究[J]. 河南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 37(4):187-187. CHEN D J, YAN C L, WANG G K, et al. Study on the number of binding sites and binding equilibrium constant of Cu(Ⅱ) with bovine serum albumin[J]. Journal of Henan Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 37(4):187-187.