化工进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (S2): 432-437.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.s2.076

• 应用技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

超声-冷冻解冻法处理罐底污油

张衡1, 黎奇谋1, 张林2, 王丽晶1, 方申文1   

  1. 1. 西南石油大学化学化工学院, 四川 成都 610500;
    2. 中国石油西南油气田公司工程技术研究院, 四川 广汉 618300
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-13 修回日期:2016-06-15 出版日期:2016-12-31 发布日期:2016-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 方申文,副教授,研究生导师。E-mail:fangwen1228@yahoo.com.cn。
  • 作者简介:张衡(1989-),男,硕士研究生。
  • 基金资助:
    中石油股份公司重大科技专项项目(2014E-3206)。

Tank bottom oily sludge treatment by ultrasound-freeze/thaw

ZHANG Heng1, LI Qimou1, ZHANG Lin2, WANG Lijing1, FANG Shenwen1   

  1. 1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China;
    2. Gas Production Engineering Research Institute, Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Petro China, Guanghan 618300, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2016-05-13 Revised:2016-06-15 Online:2016-12-31 Published:2016-12-22

摘要: 原油沉降罐罐底污油的三相分离是油田生产急待解决的问题之一,通常采用溶剂萃取和热水洗处理时存在安全风险和二次污染。本论文在分析了罐底污油基本特性后,提出了超声-冷冻解冻复合法处理罐底污油的方法,以三相分离后泥相含油量为考核指标先后进行了单因素和正交实验,得到了最佳工艺条件,并讨论了三相分离机理。得出最佳工艺条件为:超声频率28kHz、温度55℃、超声功率300W、超声时间60min、冷冻温度为-5℃,冷冻时间为3h,解冻温度为60℃并静置1h。此工艺实现三相分离的机理大致如下:超声空化作用可以使固体颗粒在油滴表面脱附沉降至底部,再冷冻破乳时冰晶可以刺破油水界面、油滴聚并从而油水分离。研究表明:采用此工艺处理罐底污油时安全风险低,不会带来二次污染,分离后水相含油率低。

关键词: 分离, 脱附, 界面, 超声, 冷冻解冻

Abstract: The three-phase separation of tank bottom oily sludge(TBOS) is one of the problems for oil field production.Usually,the solvent extraction and the hot water washing have problems of security risk and secondary pollution.In this paper,after analyzing the basic characteristics of TBOS,the method of ultrasound-freeze/thaw treatment TBOS is put forward.Using the oil content in oil solid as the index,the single factor and orthogonal experiments were carried,the condition of combined process of ultrasound-freeze/thaw was studied,and the three-phase separation mechanism was discussed.The optimal condition was as follows:the ultrasonic frequency was 28kHz,temperature was 55℃,ultrasonic power was 350W,ultrasonic time is 60min,the freeze temperature is -5℃,the freezing time is 3 h and the thawing temperature is 60℃ after letting stand is 1h.The phase separation mechanism of ultrasound-freeze/thaw is probablely as follows:ultrasonic cavitation can make solid particles desorb from the surface of oil droplets and precipitate to the bottom; then,the ice crystals can pierce the oil-water interface during the freeze demulsification,the oil droplets coalescence and the oil and water separate.The research shows that the process of ultrasound-freeze/thaw is low security risk,without secondary pollution,and the separated water has low oil content.

Key words: separation, desorption, interface, ultrasound, freeze/thaw

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