剪切气流中液滴袋蕊破碎特性分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1882

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

液滴的破碎作为液体雾化过程中的二次破碎现象，在许多领域都起着重要作用，如内燃机燃料燃烧、喷雾冷却等。尽管均匀气流中的液滴破碎已有充分的研究，但已报道的相关研究中剪切气流环境下的液滴破碎机理仍存在不足。本文通过高速相机观测系统，结合Matlab以及ImageJ等图像处理分析软件，研究了中等剪切强度的剪切流中液滴的破碎特性。实验鉴定区分了两种不同表现形式的袋蕊破碎——蘑菇袋蕊破碎与手杖袋蕊破碎，其主要特征差异体现在液团花蕊结构位置不同。基于实验数据，建立了适用于两种袋蕊破碎的形变程度预测函数，经过实验数据的验证，函数的平均相对误差仅为3.85%。此外，研究量化了两种形式袋蕊破碎的子液滴尺寸分布规律并分析与测量了袋蕊破碎中空心袋结构、袋环结构和花蕊结构对破碎后子液滴尺寸占比的影响。

关键词: 粒度分布, 湍流, 多相流, 液滴破碎, 雾化

Abstract:

Droplet breakup, as the secondary breakup phenomenon during liquid atomization, plays an important role in many fields, such as fuel combustion in internal combustion engines and spray cooling. Although droplet breakup in continuous flow has been well studied, the mechanism of droplet breakup in shear flow environment is still deficient in the reported related studies. In this paper, we investigated the droplet breakup characteristics in shear flow with medium shear effect by means of a high-speed camera observation system, combining with image processing and analyzing software such as Matlab and ImageJ. The experiments distinguished two different manifestations of bag-stamen breakup as mushroom bag-stamen breakup and cane bag-stamen breakup, whose main characteristics differences were reflected in the different position of the liquid stamen structure. Based on the experimental data, a prediction function of the degree of deformation applicable to the two manifestations of bag-stamen breakup was established, and the average relative error of the function was only 3.85% after verification of the experimental data. In addition, the study quantified the sub-droplet size distribution law of the two manifestations of bag-stamen breakup and analyzed and measured the effects of the hollow bag structure, bag-ring structure and stamen structure on the percentage of sub-droplet size in the bag-stamen breakup.

Key words: size distribution, turbulent flow, multiphase flow, droplet breakup, atomization

中图分类号:

高健, 周相君, 楚化强. 剪切气流中液滴袋蕊破碎特性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(4): 1898-1906.

GAO Jian, ZHOU Xiangjun, CHU Huaqiang. Characterization of droplet bag-stamen breakup in shear flow[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(4): 1898-1906.

图/表 10

表1 均匀气流中低Oh（Oh<0.1）时液滴破碎状态随Weg的变化规律

模式	Guildenbecher等^[27]	Hsiang和 Faeth^[28]	Jain等^[14]	Zhao等^[24]
振荡模式	0<We_g<11	0<We_g<13	0<We_g<12	0<We_g<12
袋状破碎	11<We_g<35	13<We_g<35	12<We_g<24	12<We_g<41
袋蕊破碎			24<We_g<45
多袋破碎			65<We_g<85
多模式破碎	35<We_g<80	35<We_g<80		41<We_g<80
剪切破碎		We_g>80	85<We_g<120	We_g>80
液膜稀释破碎	80<We_g<350
毁灭式破碎	We_g>350

图1 实验装置示意图

图2 剪切气流中袋蕊破碎的示意图

图3 剪切气流中液滴袋蕊破碎过程

图4 袋蕊破碎的形变阶段中液滴最大形变程度随Weg的变化曲线

图5 液滴特征直径D随t/T 的变化曲线

图6 预测值与实验值对比

图7 空心袋、袋环与袋蕊3种结构破碎后子液滴的尺寸分布

图8 剪切流中液滴在不同Weg工况下发生袋蕊破碎后子液滴的尺寸分布（Wed=20，图中虚线为对数正态分布拟合曲线）

图9 剪切流中液滴在不同Weg工况下发生袋蕊破碎后子液滴尺寸分布（Wed=25.3）

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