关键词: 安全, 化学反应, 反应动力学, 安全风险评估, 热力学

Abstract:

The frequent occurrence of chemical process reaction safety accidents poses a huge threat to the sustainable development of the chemical industry. Currently, China’s chemical industry is facing severe challenges in reaction safety management. Although the current standard, “Specification for safety risk assessment of fine chemical reactions” (GB/T 42300—2022), provides basic guidance for reaction safety, it has several shortcomings in areas such as risk identification, model accuracy, data measurement, early warning and prevention, reaction process and process coverage. To address these issues, a “1+N” model for a reaction safety technology system was proposed in the present study. This system emphasized the use of “data + models” in the risk assessment process to improve the ability to identify and manage high-risk working conditions. This system was based on the “1” standard of GB/T 42300—2022, supplemented by “N” evaluation methods. It used appropriate models to make judgments and adopted appropriate safety risk assessment methods for reactions of high-risk, medium-risk and low-risk hazard levels and different reaction systems to determine safety thresholds and safety boundaries. And controllable explosions should be kept in the laboratory to avoid large-scale accidents in the factory. This reaction safety technology system not only helps reduce the accident rate but also will effectively improve safety standards of the entire industry in the future, promoting the healthy and stable development of the chemical industry.

Key words: safety, chemical reaction, reaction kinetics, specification for safety risk assessment, thermodynamics