碳纳米管/石墨烯复合气凝胶的制备与光热辅助吸油性能评价

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1745

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以氧化石墨烯（GO）、羧基化多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs/COOH）为原料制备Pickering乳液，并以其为软模板合成具有“液滴状”孔道结构和大孔隙体积的碳纳米管/石墨烯复合气凝胶（CNTs/STRGA）。通过引入MWCNTs/COOH的方式，提高材料的光热转换性能。调整GO与MWCNTs/COOH的质量比、油水比、水热还原时间，得到一系列不同性质的CNTs/STRGAs。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、拉曼光谱仪（Raman）和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）对所制备的材料进行表征。采用紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计、微机控制电子万能试验机评价材料的吸光能力和机械性能。结果表明，MWCNTs/COOH能显著提高材料的吸光度（95.2%）和光热转换性能，材料上表面通过光热转换可升温至130℃，材料的光热-吸油速率会明显提升，可达6.88g/(g·min)，其吸附容量可达130.66g/g。

关键词: Pickering乳液, 石墨烯, 气凝胶, 碳纳米管, 光热-吸附

Abstract:

Graphene oxide (GO) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs/COOH) were used as raw materials for the preparation of Pickering emulsion, which was used as a soft template for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes/graphene composite aerogel (CNTs/STRGA) with "droplet-like" pore structure and large pore volume. The photothermal conversion performance of the materials was improved by introducing MWCNTs/COOH. By adjusting the mass ratio between GO and MWCNTs/COOH, oil/water ratio and hydrothermal reduction time, a series of CNTs/STRGAs with different properties were obtained. The prepared materials were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) to analyze their internal structure and chemical properties. A UV visible near-infrared spectrophotometer and a microcomputer controlled electronic universal testing machine were used to evaluate the light absorbance and mechanical properties of materials. The results showed that MWCNTs/COOH could significantly improve the light absorbance (95.2%) and photo-thermal conversion performance of the material, and the surface of the material could be heated to 130℃ under 1 sun illumination. The photothermal oil adsorption rate of the material was significantly enhanced, 6.88g/(g·min), and its adsorption capacity reached 130.66g/g.

Key words: Pickering emulsion, graphene, aerogel, carbon nanotubes, photothermal-adsorption

中图分类号:

TQ013.2

郭启麟, 郭适, 张瀛博, 潘宜勇, 陈志康, 陈爽, 刘会娥, 申琦, 郭蓉蓉. 碳纳米管/石墨烯复合气凝胶的制备与光热辅助吸油性能评价[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(11): 6317-6326.

GUO Qilin, GUO Shi, ZHANG Yingbo, PAN Yiyong, CHEN Zhikang, CHEN Shuang, LIU Hui’e, SHEN Qi, GUO Rongrong. Preparation of carbon nanotube-graphene composite aerogel and evaluation of photothermal assisted oil absorption performance[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(11): 6317-6326.

图/表 13

参考文献 33

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材料	油水比	m₀/g	V_A/cm³	ρ_A×10³/g·cm^-3	V_pore/cm³·g^-1
STRGA	0.8∶1	0.0115	2.16	5.32	188
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.4-3	0.4∶1	0.0163	2.12	7.68	130
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.6-3	0.6∶1	0.0146	2.14	6.83	146
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.8-3	0.8∶1	0.0130	2.16	6.02	166
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.85-3	0.85∶1	材料无法成形
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.9-3	0.9∶1	材料无法成形

材料	油水比	m₀/g	V_A/cm³	ρ_A×10³/g·cm^-3	V_pore/cm³·g^-1
STRGA	0.8∶1	0.0115	2.16	5.32	188
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.4-3	0.4∶1	0.0163	2.12	7.68	130
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.6-3	0.6∶1	0.0146	2.14	6.83	146
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.8-3	0.8∶1	0.0130	2.16	6.02	166
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.85-3	0.85∶1	材料无法成形
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.9-3	0.9∶1	材料无法成形

材料	1次压缩的最大应力/kPa	300次压缩的最大应力/kPa	应力损失/%
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.8-1	4.11	3.06	25.55
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.8-2	7.12	5.98	16.01
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.8-3	8.33	7.00	15.96
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.8-4	8.38	7.06	15.75

材料	1次压缩的最大应力/kPa	300次压缩的最大应力/kPa	应力损失/%
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.8-1	4.11	3.06	25.55
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.8-2	7.12	5.98	16.01
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.8-3	8.33	7.00	15.96
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.8-4	8.38	7.06	15.75

材料	m₀/g	(m_max-m₀)/g	V_oil/cm³·g^-1	C_max/g·g^-1	v/g·g^-1·min^-1	η/%
STRGAs	0.0115	1.7255	157.61	150.04	3.66	84.05
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.4-3	0.0163	1.6339	105.29	100.24	3.85	81.15
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.6-3	0.0146	1.6791	120.81	115.01	5.00	82.77
CNTs/STRGA-1/3-0.8-3	0.0130	1.6986	137.24	130.66	6.88	82.83