功率超声对废旧锂离子电池资源化回收利用过程的影响研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0265

化工进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 514-528.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0265

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

功率超声对废旧锂离子电池资源化回收利用过程的影响研究进展

卜祥宁¹^,²(), 任玺冰², 童正², 倪梦茜², 倪超¹^,²(), 谢广元¹^,²

^1.中国矿业大学煤炭加工与高效洁净利用教育部重点实验室，江苏徐州 221116
^2.中国矿业大学化工学院，江苏徐州 221116

收稿日期:2023-02-27 修回日期:2023-09-08 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-02-05
通讯作者: 倪超
作者简介:卜祥宁（1990—），男，博士，讲师，硕士生导师，研究方向为微细物料分离过程强化。E-mail：xiangning.bu@foxmail.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52204296);中国矿业大学大学生创新创业训练计划(202210290180Y)

Effect of power ultrasound on resource recycling and utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries: A review

BU Xiangning¹^,²(), REN Xibing², TONG Zheng², NI Mengqian², NI Chao¹^,²(), XIE Guangyuan¹^,²

^1.Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
^2.School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China

Received:2023-02-27 Revised:2023-09-08 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-02-05
Contact: NI Chao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近些年，随着电动汽车行业的快速发展，电动汽车动力电池常用的锂离子电池废弃物保有量也随之激增。废旧锂离子电池的资源化回收利用不仅可以避免固废堆放导致的环境问题，还可以为新电池的制造提供原材料。功率超声被证明是强化废旧锂离子电池资源化回收利用的一种有效手段，独特的物理和化学效应是产生强化效果的主要机制。本文在介绍超声空化理论的基础上论述了超声波强化废旧锂离子电池资源化回收利用的路径，并综述了超声波辅助技术在废旧锂离子电池金属集流体表面电极材料剥离过程、电极材料资源化回收过程、电极材料修复过程中的应用与研究进展。最后，论述了超声波辅助技术在工业化应用中存在的不足，展望了超声波在废旧锂离子电池资源化回收利用中工业化应用的前景。

关键词: 废旧锂离子电池, 分离, 回收, 修复, 超声波

Abstract:

In recent years, with the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, the retention of spent lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly used in electric vehicle power batteries, has also surged. Resourceful recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries can not only avoid the environmental problems caused by solid waste piles, but also provide raw materials for the manufacturing of new batteries. Power ultrasound has been shown to be an effective means to enhance the resourceful recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries, and the unique physical and chemical effects are the main mechanisms that produce the enhancement effect. Based on the introduction of ultrasonic cavitation theory, the pathway of ultrasonic enhancement of spent lithium-ion batteries resource-based recycling is discussed, and the application and research progress of ultrasonic technology in the separation process of metal collector and electrode materials, the resource-based recycling process of electrode materials and the repair process of electrode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries are reviewed. Finally, the shortcomings of ultrasonic assisted technology in industrial application are discussed, and the prospect of industrial application of ultrasonic in the resource recycling and utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries is prospected.

Key words: spent lithium-ion batteries, separation, recovery, remediation, ultrasound

中图分类号:

X705

卜祥宁, 任玺冰, 童正, 倪梦茜, 倪超, 谢广元. 功率超声对废旧锂离子电池资源化回收利用过程的影响研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(1): 514-528.

BU Xiangning, REN Xibing, TONG Zheng, NI Mengqian, NI Chao, XIE Guangyuan. Effect of power ultrasound on resource recycling and utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries: A review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(1): 514-528.

图/表 10

图1 近年来关于废旧锂离子电池回收相关的综述论文数量

图2 超声场中空化气泡对称和非对称坍缩溃灭

图3 超声波强化废旧锂离子电池资源化回收利用的路径

图4 不同处理条件下[搅拌（a1）、超声（a2）、搅拌+超声（a3）]铝箔表面的LiCoO2在水中的剥离效果对比（a）[53]和超声波对铝箔的腐蚀现象（b）[55]

图5 温度、超声功率、酸浓度对铝箔表面正极材料剥离效率的影响[56]

图6 正极片原样（a）及其在超声波辅助条件下水（b）和S2O82–-Fe2+（c）环境下剥离后的SEM-EDS图片[63]

图7 铝箔表面正极材料在不同条件下的剥离效果对比[70]

图8 常规和超声条件下钴和锂浸出率结果对比[88]（2mol/L H2SO4 + 体积分数5% H2O2、100g/L固液比、300r/min磁力搅拌转速、20℃、360W超声功率）

图9 超声辅助下有机酸+双氧水体系中钴和锂浸出率

图10 超声强化过程中颗粒破碎和强化传质

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功率超声对废旧锂离子电池资源化回收利用过程的影响研究进展

Effect of power ultrasound on resource recycling and utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries: A review

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