城市固废炉排炉焚烧过程二𫫇英排放浓度数值仿真

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0738

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市固废焚烧（MSWI）过程产生的二𫫇英（DXN）是至今机理仍复杂不清的剧毒污染物，获悉DXN在炉排炉内的生成、燃烧和再生成等过程的边界条件对降低污染排放极为重要。对此，本文提出了城市固废炉排炉焚烧过程DXN排放浓度数值仿真方法。首先，依据面向DXN的典型炉排炉MSWI工艺流程，描述焚烧炉内固相燃烧、气相燃烧、高温换热和低温换热等与DXN相关反应的机理。接着，依据上述所划分区域，结合实际MSWI过程相关参数构建DXN数值仿真模型。最后，基于烟气分流分率所表征的反应物浓度和不同区域的反应温度进行单因素分析，以获取G1处DXN浓度的边界条件，并基于正交实验分析分流分率和反应温度对G1处DXN浓度的影响，进而获得最优参数组合。基于北京某MSWI电厂实际数据的数值仿真分析与验证，表明了该数值仿真模型的有效性，为后续优化控制G1处的DXN排放浓度提供了支撑。

关键词: 城市固废焚烧, 二??英, 数值仿真, 单因素分析, 正交实验, 最优参数

Abstract:

Dioxin (DXN) produced by municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) processes is a highly toxic pollutant with unclear mechanism up to date. It is important to understand the boundary conditions of the formation, combustion and regeneration of DXN in the grate furnace for reducing pollution emissions. In this paper, a numerical simulation method of DXN emission concentration in grate furnace incineration processes for municipal solid waste was presented. First, according to the MSWI processes flow of a typical grate furnace, the mechanism of DXN-related reactions such as solid-phase combustion, gas-phase combustion, high-temperature heat exchange and low-temperature heat exchange in the incinerator was described. Then, according to the above divided areas, a numerical simulation model combined with the relevant parameters of actual MSWI process was constructed. Finally, a univariate analysis was performed based on the reactant concentrations characterized by the flue gas split fraction and the reaction temperatures in different regions to obtain the boundary conditions for the DXN concentration at G1. The effects of split fraction and reaction temperature on the DXN concentration at G1 were analyzed based on orthogonal experiments, and the optimal parameter combination was obtained. The validity of the model was proved by numerical simulation analysis and verification based on the actual data of a MSWI power plant in Beijing. It will provide support for the subsequent optimal control of DXN emission concentration at G1.

Key words: municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), dioxin (DXN), numerical simulation, univariate analysis, orthogonal experiment, optimal parameter

中图分类号:

TK16

陈佳昆, 汤健, 夏恒, 乔俊飞. 城市固废炉排炉焚烧过程二𫫇英排放浓度数值仿真[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 1061-1072.

CHEN Jiakun, TANG Jian, XIA Heng, QIAO Junfei. Numerical simulation of dioxin emission concentration in grate furnace incineration processes for municipal solid waste[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 1061-1072.

图/表 19

图1 面向DXN的MSWI焚烧炉内工艺

图2 面向DXN浓度分析的MSWI过程数值仿真模型示意图

表1 所采用模型模块的统计信息

模块类型	模块名称	模块作用	温度/℃	压强/kPa
RStoic	Dry	降低MSW含水率	250	101.295 （微负压）
RStoic	Deacon	Deacon反应	600
RGibbs	CombustionA1-CombustionA10 CombustionB1-CombustionB10 CombustionC1-CombustionC10 CombustionD1-CombustionD10	固相燃烧，产生DXN	500
			600
			700
			500
	PY1-PY10	气相燃烧，DXN分解	850
	HG1-HG10	高温气相反应	650
	PC1-PC10	前体催化反应	350
	DN1-DN10	从头合成反应	350
RYield	DryGrate BurnGrate1 BurnGrate2 BurnoutGrate	将MSW转化为可识别的常规组分，模拟挥发分析出	500
			600
			700
			500
Sep	Sep1-Sep10	组分分离	—	—
Fsplit	Split1-Split21	分离流股	—	—
Mixer	Mix1-Mix11	混合流股	—	—

图3 固相燃烧区的仿真示意图

图4 气相燃烧区仿真示意图

图5 高温换热区仿真示意图

图6 低温换热区仿真示意图

图7 废气二𫫇英采样器

表2 工业现场MSW的工业分析和元素分析单位：%

工业分析					元素分析
水分M(ar)	固定碳FC(d)	挥发分 V(d)	灰分 ASH(d)	C(d)		H(d)	N(d)	Cl(d)	S(d)	O(d)
36.3	14.16	60.08	25.76	47.66		6.17	0.33	0.88	0.17	19.03

表3 与工业现场相同的一次风和二次风设置

位置	温度/℃	流量/kg·h^-1	组成(摩尔分率)
一次风
干燥炉排	226.85	20688	N₂/O₂=0.79/0.21
燃烧炉排1	226.85	43962
燃烧炉排2	226.85	18102
燃烬炉排	226.85	5172
二次风
炉膛前拱和后拱	28.65	9051

表4 DXN相关模块的分流分率与反应温度设置

来源模块-流股名称	分流分率	反应模块-温度名称	温度/℃
Split9-SPY	1×10^-4	Pyrolysis-TPY	850
Split15-SHG	1×10^-3	Homogeneous-THG	650
Split17-SPC	1×10^-3	PrecursorCatalytic-TPC	350
Split20-SDN	1×10^-7	DeNovo-TDN	350

图8 烟气G1处的DXN浓度

图9 分流分率对DXN浓度的影响

图10 分流分率对PCDFs和PCDDs浓度以及PCDFs/PCDDs间比值的影响

图11 反应温度对DXN浓度的影响

图12 反应温度对PCDFs和PCDDs浓度以及PCDFs/PCDDs间比值的影响

表5 因素水平表

水平	A	B	C	D	E/℃	F/℃	G/℃	H/℃
1	5×10^-5	5×10^-4	5×10^-4	5×10^-8	800	500	200	200
2	1×10^-4	1×10^-3	1×10^-3	1×10^-7	850	650	350	350
3	1.5×10^-4	1.5×10^-3	1.5×10^-3	1.5×10^-7	900	800	500	500

表6 正交实验方案及结果

案例	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	DXN浓度/ng TEQ·m^-3	PCDFs浓度/ng·m^-3	PCDDs浓度/ng·m^-3	PCDFs/PCDDs
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0.0578	0.1759	0.1295	1.3579
2	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	0.0353	0.1343	0.0984	1.3650
3	1	1	1	1	3	3	3	3	0.0286	0.1087	0.0793	1.3700
$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$
25	3	3	2	1	1	3	2	3	0.1395	0.4210	0.4345	0.9688
26	3	3	2	1	2	1	3	1	0.1532	0.5059	0.4225	1.1974
27	3	3	2	1	3	2	1	2	0.1740	0.6211	0.4419	1.4055

表6 正交实验方案及结果

案例	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	DXN浓度/ng TEQ·m^-3	PCDFs浓度/ng·m^-3	PCDDs浓度/ng·m^-3	PCDFs/PCDDs
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0.0578	0.1759	0.1295	1.3579
2	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	0.0353	0.1343	0.0984	1.3650
3	1	1	1	1	3	3	3	3	0.0286	0.1087	0.0793	1.3700
$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$
25	3	3	2	1	1	3	2	3	0.1395	0.4210	0.4345	0.9688
26	3	3	2	1	2	1	3	1	0.1532	0.5059	0.4225	1.1974
27	3	3	2	1	3	2	1	2	0.1740	0.6211	0.4419	1.4055

表7 极差分析表

指标	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
DXN浓度
极差R	0.0301	0.0632	0.0609	0.0502	0.0066	0.0028	0.0373	0.0323
主次顺序	B>C>D>G>H>A>E>F
最优水平	A₁	B₁	C₁	D₁	E₂	F₂	G₃	H₃
PCDFs浓度
极差R	0.0896	0.1657	0.1423	0.1308	0.0301	0.0266	0.1415	0.124
主次顺序	B>C>G>D>H>A>E>F
最优水平	A₁	B₁	C₁	D₁	E₁	F₃	G₃	H₃
PCDDs浓度
极差R	0.1573	0.1331	0.1254	0.1125	0.0348	0.0287	0.0709	0.08
主次顺序	A>B>C>D>H>G>E>F
最优水平	A₁	B₁	C₁	D₁	E₃	F₁	G₃	H₃
PCDFs/PCDDs
极差R	0.436	0.158	0.148	0.163	0.107	0.208	0.208	0.213
主次顺序	A>H>G>F>D>B>C>E
最优水平	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

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