离子液体和低共熔溶剂催化二氧化碳合成有机碳酸酯的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2276

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

离子液体和低共熔溶剂因其良好的溶解与催化能力，可催化CO₂转化为高附加值化学品。本文综述了离子液体和低共熔溶剂催化CO₂转化为有机碳酸酯的研究进展，分析了CO₂与醇生成直链碳酸酯以及与环氧化物生成环状碳酸酯的反应机理；介绍了传统型、质子型、功能化离子液体以及由氯化胆碱、季铵盐与季膦盐、有机碱等作为氢键受体组成的低共熔溶剂，及其在CO₂转化为直链和环状碳酸酯反应中的催化性能；总结了此两类反应中离子液体和低共熔溶剂设计的基本规律；指出了CO₂转化反应中离子液体与低共熔溶剂存在的催化效率低、稳定性不高、后续分离困难等问题，后续研究可结合计算机辅助设计方法，探索更合适的阴阳离子/氢键供受体组合，获得更高效的催化体系。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 离子液体, 低共熔溶剂, 有机碳酸酯, 催化

Abstract:

Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely used in the conversion of CO₂ to organic carbonates due to their excellent dissolving capacity and catalytic performance. In this work, the progress of CO₂ conversion to organic carbonates catalyzed by ILs and DESs is reviewed. The catalytic performance of ILs and DESs for CO₂ converted to dimethyl carbonates and cyclic carbonates and the reaction mechanism are introduced, where the ILs mainly include conventional ILs, protic ILs, and functionalized ILs while the DESs consist of choline chloride, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphine salts, or organic bases as hydrogen bond acceptor. The basic principles of catalyst design for these reaction systems are analyzed. However, the transformation of CO₂ to organic carbonates with ILs and DESs are facing the problems of low activity, low stability and subsequent separation difficulties. Therefore, future research could utilize computer-aided design to explore efficient ILs and DESs of new structures.

Key words: carbon dioxide, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, organic carbonate, catalysis

中图分类号:

O643.3

阮佳纬, 叶香珠, 陈立芳, 漆志文. 离子液体和低共熔溶剂催化二氧化碳合成有机碳酸酯的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(3): 1176-1186.

RUAN Jiawei, YE Xiangzhu, CHEN Lifang, QI Zhiwen. Recent progress in synthesis of organic carbonates from carbon dioxide catalyzed by ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(3): 1176-1186.

图/表 7

图1 CO2与甲醇直接合成DMC的分子活化过程与反应机理[19]

图2 CO2与环氧化物环加成反应机理[24]

图3 咪唑碳酸氢根ILs的催化与脱水耦合机理[31]

图4 四芳基卤素膦盐作为环加成反应双功能催化剂[37]

图5 质子型ILs[42]

图6 本文所涉及DESs的组成

图7 DBU-纤维素体系催化CO2环加成反应的作用机理[80]

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