用于冷链的低温相变材料的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0213

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相变材料（PCM）具有较高的储能密度，有利于能源的储存和高效利用。对于低温相变材料，其应用从相变温度为0℃至室温的空调和建筑等领域到零下的工业制冷和食品、药物等的运输储藏，非常广泛。本文从水溶液相变材料体系和非水相变材料体系两方面对冷链用相变材料进行了系统介绍，并从过冷、长期稳定性和导热等角度综述了近年关于冷链用相变材料的研究。指出对于水溶液相变材料体系存在的严重过冷及盐-水体系较强的金属腐蚀性，可通过使用合适的成核剂、改善相变材料对成核剂的浸润性、避免纳米粒子团聚及用不锈钢或聚合物材料封装等方法改善；对于非水相变材料体系，可通过引入高导热的纳米粒子和支撑材料，微胶囊化PCM等方法来解决有机物热导率较低的问题。关于纳米粒子的聚沉以及引入支撑材料和微胶囊化PCM导致的大量潜热损失问题，指出改善纳米粒子和支撑材料与PCM的亲和性是值得尝试的方向。

关键词: 相变材料, 水溶液相变材料体系, 非水相变材料体系, 热学性质

Abstract:

Phase change materials (PCM) show high energy storage density, which is conducive to the storage and efficient utilization of energy. For low temperature phase change materials, their applications range can be from air-conditioning and construction industrial to industrial refrigeration, transportation and storage of food and medicine. This paper provides a systematic introduction to phase change materials for subzero applications, and reviews recent research on phase change materials for subzero applications from the perspectives of supercooling, chronic stability and thermal conductivity. In view of the severe supercooling of the aqueous PCM systems and metal corrosion of salt solution, the relevant research in recent years show that these problems can be solved by using suitable nucleating agents and improving the compatibility between the PCM and the nucleating agent, avoiding nanoparticles agglomeration and encapsulating PCM with stainless steel or polymer materials. The problem of low thermal conductivity of non-aqueous PCM systems can be solved by introducing nanoparticles and supporting materials with high thermal conductivity or encapsulating PCM. Finally, as for the aggregation of nanoparticles and the latent heat loss caused by the introduction of support materials and microencapsulated PCM, it is worth trying to improve the compatibility of nanoparticles and support materials with PCM.

Key words: phase change materials, aqueous phase change materials systems, non-aqueous phase change materials systems, thermal properties

中图分类号:

TK01⁺8

刘畅, 陈艳军, 张超灿. 用于冷链的低温相变材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(1): 286-299.

LIU Chang, CHEN Yanjun, ZHANG Chaocan. Low temperature phase change materials for subzero applications[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(1): 286-299.

图/表 1

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