超临界发泡法制备高性能热塑性高分子微/纳孔泡沫材料研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1321

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

国民经济和高科技领域的飞速发展，对高分子泡沫材料的高强度及耐高低温性能、无毒无烟及本征阻燃、易加工成型等方面的要求进一步提高，通用高分子泡沫材料，如聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）、聚苯乙烯（PS）等难以满足使用要求。因此，聚醚酰亚胺（PEI）、聚酰亚胺（PI）、聚醚砜（PES）、聚芳砜（PPSU）、聚苯硫醚（PPS）、聚醚醚酮（PEEK）等高性能热塑性高分子泡沫材料和制品的研究成为新的热点。本文对超临界流体发泡原理和超临界流体发泡技术进行了系统介绍，重点综述了超临界流体（supercritical fluid），如scCO₂或scN₂作物理发泡剂，结合各种发泡技术，如釜压发泡、注塑发泡、挤出发泡和珠粒发泡，在高性能热塑性高分子发泡领域中的应用及取得的研究成果，以期为高性能高分子材料的研究及应用提供借鉴。最后，对开发操作简单、所得泡沫制品尺寸精确的发泡技术作了展望。

关键词: 高性能高分子, 超临界流体, 微/纳孔泡沫材料, 发泡技术

Abstract:

There has been an increasing demand from the national economy and high-tech industries on polymer foams with high-strength and high/low temperature-resistance, non-toxic and smoke-free, intrinsic flame retardant and ease of processing. Common polymer foams such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) cannot meet the requirements in some fields. Therefore, the research of polyether imide (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyether sulfone (PES), polyaryl sulfone (PPSU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and other high-performance polymer foam materials have become hotspots. This paper focused on the foaming principle of supercritical fluids and supercritical fluid foaming technologies. The research and applications on high-performance thermoplastic foams by using supercritical foaming technologies like batch foaming, injection foaming, extrusion foaming and bead foaming were summarized to propose prospects for the research and applications of high-performance polymeric foams. At last, the foaming technologies featured simple operation and accurate size of foaming products were prospected.

Key words: high-performance polymer, supercritical fluid, micro/nano-cellular foam material, foaming technology

中图分类号:

TQ328

王博, 冯东. 超临界发泡法制备高性能热塑性高分子微/纳孔泡沫材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(6): 3270-3286.

WANG Bo, FENG Dong. Review of supercritical foaming high-performance micro/nano-cellular thermoplastic polymer foams[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(6): 3270-3286.

图/表 6

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