基于孔材料的多元复合光催化剂降解抗生素

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1336

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔复合材料光催化体系集多孔材料的吸附性能和光催化活性，可将水体中浓度较低的抗生素富集在光催化活性位表面进行高效降解，同时吸附性能得以原位再生。通过对光催化活性体与载体的结构调控，可获得更宽的吸光范围（包括可见光）且有效抑制光生电子-空穴对复合。本文总结了基于新型多孔材料包括石墨烯、金属有机框架材料（MOFs）、多孔有机聚合物（POPs）等与传统半导体构筑的多元光催化体系及其对水体中抗生素等有机污染物光降解的最新研究进展，阐述了多元光催化体系设计思路、降解过程优化控制因素、抗生素降解去除性能及其产生优异性能的机理。此外，还总结了当前复合光催化剂在结构设计和性能评价层面存在的问题，最后对光催化材料的研究方向进行了展望，借助光响应的多孔有机聚合物提升复合光催化剂性能以及粉末光催化剂材料的工程化应用探究将有效促进光催化技术的发展。

关键词: 复合材料, 催化剂, 降解, 抗生素, 机理

Abstract:

The porous composite photocatalyst combines the adsorption ability and photocatalytic activity of porous materials, so that the antibiotics of low concentration can be adsorbed and then degraded on the surface of the photocatalytic active sites, after which the adsorption ability of these composites can be regenerated in situ. By regulating the structure of the photocatalytic active site and the carrier, the prepared photocatalysts could have a wide light absorption range (including visible light) and can effectively inhibit the photoelectron-hole pair recombination. This paper summarized the multiple photocatalytic system conformed by conventional semiconductors and new porous materials including graphene, metal organic framework material (MOFs), porous organic polymers (POPs). The latest research progress on the photodegradation of antibiotics and other organic pollutants were also introduced. This paper expounded the design of multiple photocatalytic composites, the optimization of the control factors of degradation process, the outstanding antibiotics degradation performance and the mechanism. In addition, the problems in structure design and performance evaluation of photocatalytic materials were summarized, and the future research directions of photocatalytic materials were prospected. The development of photocatalysis technology will be effectively promoted by using photoresponsive porous organic polymer to improve the performance of photocatalytic composites and by the engineering application of powder photocatalytic materials.

Key words: composite, catalyst, degradation, antibiotic, mechanism

中图分类号:

O643

张申平, 王艺蒙, 葛宇, 胡军, 刘洪来. 基于孔材料的多元复合光催化剂降解抗生素[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(6): 3287-3299.

ZHANG Shenping, WANG Yimeng, GE Yu, HU Jun, LIU Honglai. Degradation of antibiotics by porous composite photocatalyst[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(6): 3287-3299.

图/表 8

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类别	单一半导体光催化剂	复合光催化剂
主要组成	金属氧化物、磷化物、硫化物等	石墨烯等碳材料、MOFs、POPs等与半导体材料的复合物
形貌	微小颗粒、纳米线、纳米阵列等	片层结构，MOFs、POPs有序的三维结构，部分线性POPs
结晶度	结晶度高，衍射峰窄	衍射峰较宽，多为无定型，MOFs除外
比表面积	较低，从几到几十m²/g不等	从几百到数千m²/g不等
抗生素吸附性能	物理吸附为主，大部分材料吸附量≤10mg/g	π-π堆积、静电引力、氢键等多重相互作用，吸附量高，几十到数百mg/g不等
光吸收性能	绝大部分仅吸收紫外光，光利用率低	MOFs、POPs等基于—NH₂、—SH等官能团对400~800nm可见光吸收较强
光稳定性	金属硫化物光腐蚀较为严重	基于多组分之间的光生电子-空穴对的分离和传递，光稳定性高

类别	单一半导体光催化剂	复合光催化剂
主要组成	金属氧化物、磷化物、硫化物等	石墨烯等碳材料、MOFs、POPs等与半导体材料的复合物
形貌	微小颗粒、纳米线、纳米阵列等	片层结构，MOFs、POPs有序的三维结构，部分线性POPs
结晶度	结晶度高，衍射峰窄	衍射峰较宽，多为无定型，MOFs除外
比表面积	较低，从几到几十m²/g不等	从几百到数千m²/g不等
抗生素吸附性能	物理吸附为主，大部分材料吸附量≤10mg/g	π-π堆积、静电引力、氢键等多重相互作用，吸附量高，几十到数百mg/g不等
光吸收性能	绝大部分仅吸收紫外光，光利用率低	MOFs、POPs等基于—NH₂、—SH等官能团对400~800nm可见光吸收较强
光稳定性	金属硫化物光腐蚀较为严重	基于多组分之间的光生电子-空穴对的分离和传递，光稳定性高

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