聚烯烃塑料的热解和催化热解研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1274

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过热解和催化热解技术将废塑料转化为高附加值产品是一种有前途的回收途径，可解决废塑料对环境的污染问题并促进环境的可持续化，这种方法同时具有经济效益和明显的环境优势，为塑料的回收行业确立了未来的发展趋势。本文以石蜡、轻质芳烃（BTX）、低碳烯烃和苯乙烯等产品为出发点，阐述了不同聚烯烃塑料的热解特性，详细介绍了温度和停留时间对产品分布和收率的影响，然后基于聚烯烃空间结构的差异，讨论了不同催化剂作用下的热解机理，并对催化剂的酸强度和孔结构等影响因素进行了着重分析，以改善产品选择性。此外，文章简述了聚氯乙烯脱氯的三类过程，即热解脱氯、催化热解脱氯和吸附脱氯。最后指出催化热解过程中催化剂成本高、重复使用活性低等潜在问题，今后的研究应致力于优化工艺路线、开发价格低廉的新型催化剂。

关键词: 废塑料, 热解, 催化剂, 可持续性, 碳氢化合物, 脱氯

Abstract:

The conversion of waste plastics into high value-added products through pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis is a promising recycling way, which can solve the environmental pollution problem caused by waste plastics and promote environmental sustainability. This pyrolysis method has both economic benefits and obvious environmental advantages, giving the future development trend for the plastic recycling industry. Starting with the products of paraffin, light aromatics (BTX), low carbon olefin and styrene, this paper expounds the pyrolysis characteristics of different polyolefin plastics, and then introduces the effects of temperature and residence time on the product distribution and yield in detail. Based on the differences in the spatial structure of polyolefin, the pyrolysis mechanism of different catalysts was discussed, and the influencing factors such as the acid strength and pore structure of the catalyst were emphatically analyzed, so as to improve the product selectivity. Furthermore, three dechlorination processes of polyvinyl chloride are briefly described, namely pyrolysis dechlorination, catalytic pyrolysis dechlorination and adsorption dechlorination. Finally, the potential problems of high cost and low reuse activity in the catalytic pyrolysis process are pointed out. Future research should focus on optimizing the process and developing cheap catalysts.

Key words: waste plastics, pyrolysis, catalyst, sustainability, hydrocarbons, dechlorination

中图分类号:

TE624.3

孙艺蕾, 马跃, 李术元, 岳长涛. 聚烯烃塑料的热解和催化热解研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(5): 2784-2801.

SUN Yilei, MA Yue, LI Shuyuan, YUE Changtao. Research progress in the pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of waste polyolefin plastics[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(5): 2784-2801.

图/表 10

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