撞击对稀碱液去除稻草秸秆木质素过程中的强化作用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1190

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

SO₃微热爆联合稀碱液处理秸秆可在较低温度和常压下达到良好的预处理效果，为了实现该技术的进一步放大，本文对撞击对碱处理去除木质素过程的影响进行了研究。以稻草秸秆为原料，对常温下碱处理去除木质素的过程进行了研究，并讨论了温度对这一过程的影响作用。通过模拟碱液和秸秆在中试反应器中的撞击运动，探讨了撞击对碱处理去除木质素过程的影响以及不同温度下撞击的影响，并通过SEM和XPS对秸秆进行分析，解释了撞击对碱处理过程的影响机制。结果表明：常温下木质素去除过程耗时长、效率低，通过升高温度可有效提高木质素去除效率，但温度的升高会导致半纤维素损失迅速增大。而撞击可通过破坏秸秆表面产生裂隙，暴露更多木质素从而强化木质素去除过程，且在较低温度下撞击的强化作用更明显。在20℃下处理1.5h并施加450次撞击相比无撞击可使木质素去除率增加24.74%。

关键词: 生物质, 传质, 化学反应器, 碱处理, 木质素, 撞击

Abstract:

SO₃ micro thermal explosion collaborative dilute alkali (STEX-DA) could attain excellent pretreatment with high lignin removal rate and low polysaccharide loss at normal pressure and relatively low temperature. For the further scaled-up application of this technology, effects of collision on the process of removing lignin from rice straw using dilute alkali solution was studied. Rice straw was used as the raw material and the process of removing lignin using alkali solution and the influence of temperature on this process was discussed. Effects of collision on this process was also discussed by simulating the collision movements of straw and the alkali solution in the reactor. SEM and XPS was used for the analysis of straw under different conditions to explain the mechanism how collision affected the process. Results showed the lignin removal process at normal temperature took a long time with low efficiency, an increased temperature could boost the lignin removal, but the polysaccharide loss also increased. While collision could enhance the lignin removal without losing more polysaccharide, and the enhancement was stronger at lower temperature. A treatment at 20℃ for 1.5h with 450 times collision could brought an increase in lignin removal rate of 24.74% compared with the treatment without collision at the same condition.

Key words: biomass, mass-transfer, chemical reactors, alkali treatment, lignin, collision

中图分类号:

O636.2

符起旋, 邓胜松, 王淮, 姚日生. 撞击对稀碱液去除稻草秸秆木质素过程中的强化作用[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S2): 427-433.

Qixuan FU, Shengsong DENG, Huai WANG, Risheng YAO. Enhancement of collision in the process of dilute alkali pretreatment removing lignin from rice straw[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(S2): 427-433.

图/表 8

图1 模拟撞击实验装置示意图

图2 木糖浓度测定标准曲线

图3 处理时间对碱液中木质素去除率和半纤维素损失的影响

图4 处理温度对木质素去除率和半纤维素损失的影响

图5 20℃下撞击次数对木质素去除率和半纤维素损失的影响

图6 不同温度下施加撞击碱液中木质素和木糖浓度变化

图7 不同处理阶段秸秆表面扫描电镜图

表1 不同处理后秸秆表面的CO型碳原子所占比例

序号	处理方式	C原子比例
a	未处理	28.16%
b	20℃，2h	21.63%
c	20℃，2h+450次	22.63%
d	60℃，2h	17.15%
e	60℃，2h+450次	19.52%

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