化工进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 2546-2559.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0959

• 工业催化 • 上一篇    下一篇

适用于丙烯二聚反应非均相催化剂的研究进展

仝洪凯1(), 陈霄1(), 凌雨1, 梁大立2, 梁长海1()   

  1. 1.大连理工大学化工学院先进材料与催化工程实验室,辽宁 大连 116024
    2.中石化宁波新材料研究院有限公司,浙江 宁波 315207
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-01 出版日期:2021-05-06 发布日期:2021-05-24
  • 通讯作者: 陈霄,梁长海
  • 作者简介:仝洪凯(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为烯烃低聚。E-mail:tonghongkai@mail.dlut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    大连市高层次人才创新支持计划(2016RD09);大连市科技创新项目(2019J12GX028);大连市青年科技之星支持计划(2018RQ09)

Advances in heterogeneous catalysts for propylene dimerization

TONG Hongkai1(), CHEN Xiao1(), LING Yu1, LIANG Dali2, LIANG Changhai1()   

  1. 1.Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Catalytic Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
    2.Sinopec Ningbo New Material Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Ningbo 315207, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2020-06-01 Online:2021-05-06 Published:2021-05-24
  • Contact: CHEN Xiao,LIANG Changhai

摘要:

丙烯二聚反应是生产4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-己烯等端碳烯烃的重要手段,其产物可作为特种高分子材料单体、汽油添加剂和化工有机中间体,关键技术在于高效催化剂的开发。非均相催化剂相比于均相催化剂因易回收、对环境污染小等优点受到了学者们的广泛关注。本文综述了丙烯二聚非均相催化剂的研究进展,依据固体碱催化剂与固体酸催化剂在丙烯二聚反应中不同的反应机理,比较了两者各自的优缺点。回顾了固体碱催化剂的发展历程及工业化应用,并以碱金属钾为例总结了反应机理。详细介绍了固体酸催化剂中的固体磷酸催化剂、分子筛催化剂和负载型过渡金属催化剂。针对固体碱催化剂制备条件苛刻等问题,提出了改善催化装置的新思路;针对固体酸催化剂选择性不足的劣势,指出了应该进一步完善机理,并合理设计酸性载体与过渡金属相结合的催化剂。

关键词: 催化剂, 聚合, 反应工程, 制备, 选择性

Abstract:

Propylene dimerization is an important reaction for producing terminal alkenes, including 4-methyl-1-pentence and 1-hexene, which are widely used as special polymer monomers, gasoline additives, and organic intermediates in chemical industry. The conversion of propylene and the product selectivity are largely determined by the catalysts used in the propylene dimerization. Heterogeneous catalysts have attracted wide attentions due to their advantages of easy recovery and relatively small environmental pollution, compared with homogeneous catalysts. Based on different reaction mechanisms, the solid base catalysts and solid acid catalysts used in the propylene dimerization have been systematically reviewed. The development and industrial applications of solid base catalysts in propylene dimerization have been introduced and their reaction mechanisms have been summarized by taking alkali metal potassium as an example. The solid acid catalysts of phosphoric acid catalyst, molecular sieve catalyst and transition metal catalyst are introduced in detail. In view of the harsh preparation conditions of solid base catalyst, we proposed a new idea to improve the catalytic unit. To increase the insufficient selectivity of solid acid catalysts, we pointed out that the reaction mechanism should be further studied and the catalyst combining acid carrier and transition metal should be designed reasonably to achieve high selectivity of the dimer products.

Key words: catalyst, polymerization, reaction engineering, preparation, selectivity

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