重金属废水电沉积处理技术研究及应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1332

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

重金属污染物具有毒性和不可降解等特点，对生态环境及生物多样性构成威胁，危害人类健康。处理重金属废水的方法很多，电化学方法是其中一种重要的清洁技术，其用途广泛，可以有效去除和回收废水中的重金属离子。本文聚焦于电沉积法，介绍其在重金属废水处理过程中的反应原理和传质机理，重点阐述影响其处理重金属废水效率的主要因素，包括反应器结构、电极材料、电压、电流密度、pH、废水温度、重金属浓度、杂质离子、电流形式、电沉积时间等。同时概括了电沉积技术在重金属废水处理方面的应用情况，并指出了电沉积法处理重金属废水的重要研究方向，如三维电极及新型电极材料的研发、能耗优化、不同重金属离子的分离等，为重金属废水的治理和电沉积技术的研究与应用提供指导。

关键词: 电沉积, 重金属, 废水, 动力学模型, 电化学, 综述

Abstract:

Heavy metals are noxious and nondegradable, which pose a threat to the ecological environment and biodiversity, and even endanger human health. There are many methods to treat heavy metal wastewater, among which electrochemical method is an important cleaner technology. The electrochemical method has a wide range of applications and can effectively remove and recover heavy metal ions from wastewater. Focusing on electrodeposition technology, in this paper, its reaction principle and mass transfer mechanism in the process of heavy metal wastewater treatment were introduced, and then the main factors affecting the efficiency of heavy metal wastewater treatment, such as electrode material, voltage, temperature, pH, current density, current form, and electrodeposition time were elaborated. Besides, the applications of electrodeposition technology in heavy metal wastewater treatment were summarized. The important development areas of heavy metal wastewater treatment by electrodeposition were pointed out, such as the three-dimensional electrode and new electrode materials, the energy efficiency, and the separation of different heavy metal ions, which provides a guidance for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater and makes some suggestions for the research and application of electrodeposition process.

Key words: electrodeposition, heavy metals, waste water, kinetic modeling, electrochemistry, review

中图分类号:

X703.1

于栋, 罗庆, 苏伟, 王亮亮, 孙宇维, 张忠国. 重金属废水电沉积处理技术研究及应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(5): 1938-1949.

Dong YU, Qing LUO, Wei SU, Liangliang WANG, Yuwei SUN, Zhongguo ZHANG. A review on research and application of electrodeposition for heavy metal wastewater treatment[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(5): 1938-1949.

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