低压脉冲电场对高浓度O/W型乳化液破乳特性的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0257

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现高含油浓度O/W型乳化液的电场破乳预分水，借鉴电絮凝技术的工作原理自行设计了静态序批式电场破乳预分水实验装置。在对乳化液理化特性进行量化表征以确保其稳定性的基础上，以预分水率为主要评价指标，系统实验研究了电场形式、峰值电压、脉冲频率、占空比及含水率对O/W型乳化液静态破乳预分水特性的影响。结果发现，脉冲直流方波电场下乳化液的破乳效果比直流电场较好；含水率降低使乳化液的破乳程度减弱；峰值电压、脉冲频率和占空比都存在一个最优值。当施加脉冲直流方波电场、电压幅值为40V、脉冲频率为2kHz、占空比为0.5、加电时间为30min时，含水率90%乳化液的预分水率达87.18%。基于实验过程中的现象推测，高含油浓度O/W乳化液的破乳预分水机理包括双电子层作用和类似电絮凝作用。

关键词: O/W型乳化液, 脉冲电场, 破乳预分水特性, 聚结, 双电子层机理

Abstract:

For the purpose of achieving electric field demulsification and pre-dehydration of the high oil concentration O/W emulsion, a static sequence batch experimental device used for demulsification and pre-dehydration was designed, which is based on the working principle of electrocoagulation technology. The physicochemical properties of the emulsion were characterized quantitatively to ensure its stability. Considering the pre-water removal rate as the main evaluation index, the effect of electric field form, peak voltage, pulse frequency, duty cycle, power-on time and water content on the static demulsification and pre-dehydration properties of O/W emulsion was studied systematically. The results showed that a better degree of demulsification was available under the pulsed DC square wave electric field than the DC electric field. Decreasing water content can weaken the degree of demulsification of the O/W emulsions, and there was an optimal value of peak voltage, pulse frequency and duty cycle respectively. The pre-water removal rate of O/W emulsion with 90% water content can reach 87.18% applying pulsed DC square wave electric field, in the conditions of 40V peak voltage, 2kHz pulse frequency, 0.5 duty cycle and 30min power-on time. Furthermore, on the basis of the observations for the experimental phenomena, the demulsification and pre-dehydration mechanism of high-oil O/W emulsions includes double electron layer action and similar electrocoagulation.

Key words: oil-in-water emulsions, pulsed electric field, demulsification and pre-dehydration characteristics, coalescence, double electron layer mechanism

中图分类号:

TE992

张雪,陈家庆,肖建洪,安申法,郝金克,栾智勇,张宝生,王刚. 低压脉冲电场对高浓度O/W型乳化液破乳特性的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(11): 4838-4844.

Xue ZHANG,Jiaqing CHEN,Jianhong XIAO,Shenfa AN,Jinke HAO,Zhiyong LUAN,Baosheng ZHANG,Gang WANG. Effect of low-voltage pulsed electric field on demulsification characteristics of high concentration O/W emulsion[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(11): 4838-4844.

图/表 11

图1 O/W型乳化液静态序批式电场破乳预分水实验装置1—可调双脉冲电源；2—示波器；3—负极；4—正极；5—锥底量筒

表1 不同含水率乳化液的配制及理化特性

含水率/%	乳化剂添加量/g	剪切时间/min	TSI	油滴粒径分布 /μm	乳化液动力黏度/mPa?s
95	1.5	12	2.59	0.252~11.247	0.8
90	1.5	9	2.17	0.448~11.247	1.0
85	1.5	5	2.50	0.796~12.619	1.1
80	1.5	3	2.21	0.796~15.887	1.5
75	1.0	3	2.36	1.002~15.887	1.8

图2 O/W型乳化液电场破乳分层

图3 2种电场的电压波形图

图4 不同电场形式对乳化液破乳预分水特性的影响

图5 不同电场形式下乳化液中电流的变化曲线

表2 脉冲DC和DC电场下破乳水层性能及乳化液能耗对比

参数	脉冲DC电场	DC电场
水层电导率/μS·cm	11	23
水层浊度/NTU	253	374
水层TDS/mg·L^-1	31	55
乳化液能耗/kW·h·m^-3	0.34	0.97

图6 峰值电压对O/W型乳化液破乳预分水特性的影响

图7 脉冲频率对O/W型乳化液破乳预分水特性的影响

图8 占空比对O/W型乳化液破乳预分水特性的影响

图9 含油率对O/W型乳化液破乳预分水特性的影响

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