由无机特殊表面结构构造的超疏水材料

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-2245

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超疏水材料因在自清洁、防腐蚀、防冰附以及减阻等功能上具有广泛的应用，吸引了越来越多的关注。近年来，无机材料因易于构造具有特殊形貌的高比表面结构，在超疏水领域中显示出独特的优势。本文在简要介绍超疏水现象的定义、发展与应用的基础上，综述了超疏水理论的三个经典模型，并对国内外部分已商业化的超疏水材料进行了分析和总结。重点概括了不同种类无机材料构建的超疏水表面的研究进展。最后，本文总结了目前超疏水材料在制备过程中存在的一些问题，针对性地提出该领域未来研究的两个主要趋势：从仿生角度改进材料设计，制备集强附着力与耐久性于一体的多功能复合涂层；降低制备成本以推动产品的规模化和实用化。

关键词: 超疏水材料, 表面结构, 接触角, 纳米粒子, 模型, 环境

Abstract:

Superhydrophobic materials have attracted more and more attention due to their wide applications in fields such as self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-icing and drag reduction. In recent years, inorganic materials have shown unique advantages in the field of superhydrophobicity because they could easily construct a high specific surface structure with a special morphology. Starting with a brief introduction to the definition, development and application of superhydrophobic phenomena, this paper overviews three classical models of superhydrophobic theory, and then analyzes and summarizes some of the commercially available superhydrophobic materials. The research progress of superhydrophobic surfaces constructed by different kinds of inorganic materials is summarized. Finally, this paper summarizes some of the problems in the preparation of superhydrophobic materials, and proposes two main research trends in the future：one is to improve the material design from the bionic angle to prepare a multifunctional composite coating that has both strong adhesion and durability, the other is to reduce the cost of preparation to promote the scale up and practical use of the product.

Key words: superhydrophobicity materials, surface structure, contact angle, nanoparticles, model, environment

中图分类号:

TB34

马瑞,江琦. 由无机特殊表面结构构造的超疏水材料[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(9): 4119-4130.

Rui MA,Qi JIANG. Superhydrophobic materials constructed from inorganic specialsurface structure[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(9): 4119-4130.

图/表 7

图1 Wenzel模型和Cassie-Baxter 模型[18]示意图

图2 AZ31B合金表面上超疏水涂层的FESEM图像[29]

图3 聚酯织物表面的SEM图[31]

图4 ZnO-Na颗粒与ZnO-Li颗粒的FEG-SEM图[37]

图5 功能化棉纤维的交联机制[41]

图6 CNTs薄膜与荷叶的电镜图[46]

图7 原始不锈钢网以及CS@Fe3O4 SSM的SEM图[56]

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