逆转铬鞣工艺技术的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1173

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

消除铬排放是制革工业持续发展迫切需要解决的关键科技问题。采用现有制革技术，铬鞣及其之后的所有水相操作工序都会排放铬，还会产生含铬皮革固体废物，这使得完全消除制革过程的铬排放几乎不可能实现。针对这一问题，本文介绍了以消除铬排放为目标的逆转铬鞣工艺技术。较系统地综述了该技术中的无铬预鞣单元、染整单元、末端铬鞣单元及含铬废水处理等单元过程的研究进展，分析了尚存在的问题和未来的研发方向。提出以“无铬预鞣单元-染整单元-末端铬鞣单元”为核心，通过对制革单元过程实施重组和耦合优化来构建逆转铬鞣工艺技术，可在保证成革品质的同时大幅削减了含铬污染物的产生，并使铬的完全回收和处理变得简单易行，为彻底解决制革工业的铬排放问题提供了参考。

关键词: 皮革, 铬, 鞣制, 染整, 清洁技术

Abstract:

The elimination of chrome discharge is a key technical issue that needs to be urgently solved in leather industry. However, chrome is inevitably released into effluents during chrome tanning and post-tanning processes by using existing technologies accompanied with the production of chrome-containing leather solid waste, which makes it almost impossible to eliminate chrome discharge from leather processing. In this paper, an inverse chrome tanning technology aiming at eliminating chrome discharge is introduced. The research progress of several unit processes in this technology, including chrome-free pretanning, post-tanning, terminal chrome tanning and chrome-containing wastewater treatment, is reviewed. The shortcomings as well as development trends of these unit processes are discussed. The inverse tanning technology, mainly composed of chrome-free pretanning, post-tanning and terminal chrome tanning, was developed by reassembling and coupling the unit processes of leather manufacture. The use of this technology resulted in a significant reduction of chrome-containing pollutants, a convenient and complete recovery and treatment of chrome from tannery wastewater and high quality of resultant leather. This paper is expected to provide a reference for eliminating chrome pollution from leather industry.

Key words: leather, chromium, tanning, post-tanning, clean technology

中图分类号:

TS54

王亚楠, 石碧. 逆转铬鞣工艺技术的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(01): 639-648.

Yanan WANG, Bi SHI. Progress of inverse chrome tanning technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(01): 639-648.

图/表 7

图1 传统铬鞣工艺与逆转铬鞣工艺的技术路线[3]

表1 各种皮革的等电点[32]

皮/革样品	等电点	皮/革样品	等电点
浸水皮	7.8	铝鞣革	7.6
浸灰皮	7.8	锆鞣革	8.3
脱灰皮	7.1	植鞣革	4.6
软化皮	6.9	戊二醛鞣革	4.8
浸酸皮	5.4	植-醛结合鞣革	4.1
铬鞣革	7.2	染整坯革	3.4

图2 锆鞣剂在不同工艺鞣革中的分布情况[50]

图3 不同工艺鞣革纵切面的SEM照片

图4 不同工艺鞣革对染整材料的吸收率[32]

图5 复鞣剂在坯革中的荧光示踪及分布情况[59]

图6 铬鞣剂用量对逆转铬鞣坯革铬吸收率和可萃取铬含量的影响[63]

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