烧结剂对新疆粉煤灰中锂浸出的作用特性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以新疆燃煤电站典型粉煤灰为研究对象，应用不同烧结剂与粉煤灰分别混合高温煅烧，通过盐酸和硫酸浸出锂，研究了烧结剂种类、煅烧温度、烧结剂添加量、浸出剂种类对锂浸出的影响。另外本文将微波技术应用于锂的浸出，对比研究了微波加热及传统水浴加热对锂浸出的效果。结果表明：碳酸钾、碳酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠作为烧结剂活化粉煤灰使锂的浸出效果较好；对于碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠等浸出效果较好的烧结剂，800℃较适宜作为其煅烧温度；盐酸比硫酸溶液更适合作为浸出剂浸出粉煤灰中的锂；微波加热对锂浸出有非常大的优势，微波4min比水浴4h 锂浸出量增加了55%；碳酸钠与碳酸钾混合烧结剂比单一烧结剂表现出更好的活化性能，应用30%碳酸钠和70%碳酸钾混合烧结剂煅烧活化粉煤灰后使灰中锂的浸出率达93%。

关键词: 粉煤灰, 锂, 烧结剂, 微波, 固废回收

Abstract:

The extraction of lithium from a typical Xinjiang fly ash was studied in this paper. Five kinds of activators including carbonate, acetate, bicarbonate, chloride and sulfate were mixed with the fly ash for calcination and activation. The effects of calcination temperature, addition percent of activator and leaching agent on lithium extraction were investigated. Moreover, microwave heating was used on lithium extraction in this paper. The comparison between microwave and traditional water bath heating on Li extraction was discussed. The results show that potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, or sodium chloride as activator exhibited high abilities for lithium extraction. For most activators with good leaching effect, 800℃ is suitable as the calcination temperature. Hydrochloric acid was better than sulfuric acid as a leaching agent for lithium extraction from coal-ash. It was found that microwave increased lithium extraction by 55% compared to water bath heating. The mixed activator of Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃ showed better activation performance than either as a single activator. The extraction ratio of Li in ash reached 93% by using a 30% Na₂CO₃ and 70% K₂CO₃ mixture as the activator.

Key words: coal-fired ash, lithium, activator, microwave, solid waste recycling

中图分类号:

X784

董卉,陈娟,李箫玉,邵莉. 烧结剂对新疆粉煤灰中锂浸出的作用特性[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(03): 1538-1544.

Hui DONG,Juan CHEN,Xiaoyu LI,Li SHAO. The effect of activator on lithium extraction from Xinjiang fly ash[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(03): 1538-1544.

图/表 10

表1 粉煤灰的化学组成

成分	质量分数/%	成分	质量分数/%
Al₂O₃	30.51	P₂O₅	0.40
SiO₂	51.36	CeO₂	0.096
Fe₂O₃	3.62	SrO	0.085
MgO	3.07	ZrO₂	0.045
SO₃	3.34	V₂O₅	0.028
Na₂O	2.95	MnO	0.026
CaO	2.42	CuO	0.025
K₂O	0.99	其他	0.205
TiO₂	0.83	Li	300.80μg·g^-1

图1 原灰和煅烧灰中锂的浸出

图2 粉煤灰原样的XRD谱图

图3 添加不同烧结剂活化后粉煤灰中锂的浸出率

图4 粉煤灰原样及粉煤灰添加碳酸钾煅烧后产物的SEM图

图5 粉煤灰添加碳酸钾为烧结剂800℃煅烧后产物的XRD谱图

图6 烧结剂用量对锂浸出的影响

图7 煅烧温度对锂浸出的影响

图8 不同浸出剂对锂的浸出效果

图9 微波及水浴加热对锂的浸出对比

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