油水乳液分离吸附材料的分离原理、构建方法和分离性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0880

化工进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (04): 1785-1793.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0880

油水乳液分离吸附材料的分离原理、构建方法和分离性能

戴国琛^1,²(),张泽天^1,²,高文伟^1,²,李正军^1,²()

1. 四川大学皮革化学与工程教育部重点实验室，四川成都 610065
2. 四川大学制革清洁技术国家工程实验室，四川成都 610065

收稿日期:2018-04-28 修回日期:2018-07-25 出版日期:2019-04-05 发布日期:2019-04-05
通讯作者: 李正军
作者简介:<named-content content-type="corresp-name">戴国琛</named-content>（1993—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事生物质材料的综合利用研究。E-mail: <email>dgcchen@163.com</email>。|李正军，教授，主要从事生物质材料的综合利用研究。E-mail: <email>lizhengjun@scu.edu.cn</email>。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(21376153)

Separation principle, fabrication strategies and performance of sorbents for oil-water emulsions

Guochen DAI^1,²(),Zetian ZHANG^1,²,Wenwei GAO^1,²,Zhengjun LI^1,²()

1. Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
2. National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China

Received:2018-04-28 Revised:2018-07-25 Online:2019-04-05 Published:2019-04-05
Contact: Zhengjun LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用吸附材料进行油水分离是经济且非常有效的方法。吸附材料主要有无机材料、合成高分子材料和天然有机纤维材料等。相比较而言，天然有机纤维材料为可再生生物质资源，来源广泛、生物降解性好，可有效防止二次污染，具有良好的发展潜力，备受关注。本文首先简要介绍了油水乳液稳定性的影响因素，然后综述了油水分离材料的分离原理、构建方法和分离性能等研究进展，并总结了油水乳液分离材料的表征及其分离性能的评价指标。特别地，重点总结了天然有机纤维基吸附材料分离油水乳液的研究进展。最后指出研究智能响应型天然有机纤维基油水乳液分离吸附材料是重要的发展方向。

关键词: 生物质, 乳液, 分离, 吸附, 多孔介质

Abstract:

The use of adsorption materials for oil-water separation is an economic and very effective method. The sorbents mainly include inorganic materials, synthetic polymers, natural organic fiber materials, and so on. Among them, natural organic fiber materials are renewable biomass resources and have extensive sources and good biodegradability, which can effectively prevent secondary pollution, and thus have received considerable attention recently. The factors influencing the stability of oil-water emulsions are briefly introduced. Then, we summarize the research progress on the separation mechanism, fabrication method and separation performance of the materials for oil-water separation. Meanwhile, characterization methods of the sorbents for emulsion separation and evaluation indicators of their separation performance are also summarized. In particular, we focus on the research progresses of natural organic fiber-based sorbents for separating oil-water emulsions. Finally, it is indicated that investigating the sorbents based on smart responsive natural organic fiber for oil-water emulsion separation is an important development direction.

Key words: biomass, emulsions, separation, adsorption, porous media

中图分类号:

戴国琛, 张泽天, 高文伟, 李正军. 油水乳液分离吸附材料的分离原理、构建方法和分离性能[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(04): 1785-1793.

Guochen DAI, Zetian ZHANG, Wenwei GAO, Zhengjun LI. Separation principle, fabrication strategies and performance of sorbents for oil-water emulsions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(04): 1785-1793.

图/表 2

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基质材料	改性材料	低表面能构建方法	粗糙度构建方法	乳液类型	通量（最大） /L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	分离效率（最大）/%	参考文献
磁性石墨烯/CNTs微粒膜	聚苯乙烯	原位化学法	微粒修饰	W/O	约500	99.96	[24]
碳纳米膜	聚苯乙烯	原位化学法	蚀刻法	W/O	5000	99.94	[47]
PVDF/PAA-g-PVDF膜	聚乙亚胺	原位化学法	原位增长法	O/W	—	99.97	[52]
PP膜	硅烷	浸渍法	微粒修饰	W/O	—	—	[27]
聚丙烯腈膜	盐酸羟胺	相分离法	—	O/W	3806	—	[21]
滤纸	聚二乙烯基苯	原位化学法	—	W/O	—	99.94	[46]

基质材料	改性材料	低表面能构建方法	粗糙度构建方法	乳液类型	通量（最大） /L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1	分离效率（最大）/%	参考文献
磁性石墨烯/CNTs微粒膜	聚苯乙烯	原位化学法	微粒修饰	W/O	约500	99.96	[24]
碳纳米膜	聚苯乙烯	原位化学法	蚀刻法	W/O	5000	99.94	[47]
PVDF/PAA-g-PVDF膜	聚乙亚胺	原位化学法	原位增长法	O/W	—	99.97	[52]
PP膜	硅烷	浸渍法	微粒修饰	W/O	—	—	[27]
聚丙烯腈膜	盐酸羟胺	相分离法	—	O/W	3806	—	[21]
滤纸	聚二乙烯基苯	原位化学法	—	W/O	—	99.94	[46]

吸附材料	制造方法	乳液类型	通量（最大）/L·m^-2·h^-1	分离效率/%	参考文献
碳气凝胶	氧化炉干燥碳化法	W/O	995	96.00	[53]
二乙烯基苯/SiO₂微粒	聚合诱导相分离法	W/O	—	99.73	[29]
		O/W		99.90
聚偏二氟乙烯气凝胶	蒸汽诱导相转化	W/O	约1240	99.99	[22]
高分子刷改性PU海绵^①	浸渍法	W/O	—	—	[26]
乙酸乙酯改性三聚氰胺海绵^①	—	W/O	155000	99.98	[54]
苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯共聚物^①	静电纺丝	O/W	—	—	[55]
改性纤维素海绵	3-巯基丙酸改性	O/W	—	98.60	[31]
纤维素和壳聚糖复合气凝胶	硬脂酸钠改性壳聚糖自组装	W/O	—	—	[16]
硬脂酸改性PU海绵^②	浸渍法	O/W	—	—	[42]
棕榈酸改性聚吡咯覆盖的PU海绵^②	气相沉积法	O/W	—	—	[56]
硅烷改性棉纤维^②	浸渍法	O/W	—	92.80	[15]

吸附材料	制造方法	乳液类型	通量（最大）/L·m^-2·h^-1	分离效率/%	参考文献
碳气凝胶	氧化炉干燥碳化法	W/O	995	96.00	[53]
二乙烯基苯/SiO₂微粒	聚合诱导相分离法	W/O	—	99.73	[29]
		O/W		99.90
聚偏二氟乙烯气凝胶	蒸汽诱导相转化	W/O	约1240	99.99	[22]
高分子刷改性PU海绵^①	浸渍法	W/O	—	—	[26]
乙酸乙酯改性三聚氰胺海绵^①	—	W/O	155000	99.98	[54]
苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯共聚物^①	静电纺丝	O/W	—	—	[55]
改性纤维素海绵	3-巯基丙酸改性	O/W	—	98.60	[31]
纤维素和壳聚糖复合气凝胶	硬脂酸钠改性壳聚糖自组装	W/O	—	—	[16]
硬脂酸改性PU海绵^②	浸渍法	O/W	—	—	[42]
棕榈酸改性聚吡咯覆盖的PU海绵^②	气相沉积法	O/W	—	—	[56]
硅烷改性棉纤维^②	浸渍法	O/W	—	92.80	[15]

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油水乳液分离吸附材料的分离原理、构建方法和分离性能

Separation principle, fabrication strategies and performance of sorbents for oil-water emulsions

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