基于纤维取向的纳米纤维滤料设计及其性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0823

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过基于霍夫变换的图像分析法获取静电纺纳米纤维取向分布信息，分析纤维取向对纳米纤维滤料性能的影响，并据此设计制备了中间为杂乱纤维层、两侧为相互垂直的取向纤维层构成的复合纳米纤维膜滤料。采用扫描电镜对纳米纤维膜形貌进行观察并获取SEM图像，进行了透气性、拉伸性能、孔径尺寸和过滤性能测试。结果表明，纳米纤维膜纤维分布方向拉伸断裂强度高，纤维取向各向异性比例理论值和实验值相吻合，纤维取向是影响纳米纤维膜力学各向异性的主要参数；取向纳米纤维膜滤料孔径较大且有许多微粒可逃逸的通道，其过滤效率和过滤阻力均较低，与文献中报道的数值模拟结果相一致；所设计制备的复合纳米纤维膜滤料结合了取向纳米纤维膜滤料力学性能优良和杂乱纳米纤维膜滤料过滤效率高的优点，其纵向和横向断裂强度分别为8.85MPa和8.71MPa，气流流速为25L/min时过滤效率高达99.691%。

关键词: 纤维取向, 力学各向异性, 结构设计, 纳米纤维, 过滤

Abstract: The fiber orientation information was obtained with image analysis method based on Hough Transform. Then, the influences of fiber orientation on nanofiber filter were evaluated and a composite nanofiber membrane filter was designed. The composite nanofiber membrane consisted of a random nanofiber membrane as inner layer and orthogonal aligned nanofiber membranes as outer portions. Morphological structure of nanofiber membranes was characterized by SEM, obtaining SEM images. Air permeability, tensile properties, pore size and filtration properties were also characterized. The results indicated that the breaking strength of nanofiber membrane in the direction along with the fiber orientation was high, the theoretical fiber orientation anisotropy ratio value was agreed with the experimental fiber orientation anisotropy ratio value, and fiber orientation was the main parameter which affected the mechanical anisotropy of nanofiber membrane. The aligned nanofiber membrane had bigger pore size and channels from which the particles could escape as a result of low filtration efficiency and press drop, which was agreed with the simulation results in previous document. The composite nanofiber membrane combined the excellent strength of aligned nanofiber membrane and higher filtration efficiency of random nanofiber membrane. The breaking strengths of composite nanofiber membrane in machine direction and cross direction were 8.85MPa and 8.71MPa, respectively, and the filtration was as high as 99.691% with airflow velocity of 25L/min.

Key words: fiber orientation, mechanical anisotropy, structural design, nanofiber, filtration

中图分类号:

TS17

于宾, 赵晓明, 孙天. 基于纤维取向的纳米纤维滤料设计及其性能[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(10): 3966-3973.

YU Bin, ZHAO Xiaoming, SUN Tian. Design and properties of nanofiber filter based on fiber orientation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(10): 3966-3973.

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