膜蒸馏技术研究及应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0120

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 膜蒸馏作为一种新型分离技术，具有操作温度低、设备简单、脱盐率高等特点，在海水淡化、苦咸水脱盐、果汁浓缩等过程具有良好的应用前景。本文简述了膜蒸馏的工作原理、特点和膜材料的制备方法，指出当前膜材料的研究方向。综述了直接接触式、气隙式、真空式和气扫式4种基本膜蒸馏形式和几种改进的膜蒸馏形式的传热传质原理、研究现状和发展方向。重点介绍了可再生能源以及工业低温余热驱动膜蒸馏的技术特点、研究现状和应用，包括太阳能光伏/光热驱动膜蒸馏技术、太阳能热泵耦合驱动膜蒸馏技术、太阳池膜蒸馏技术、地热能梯级利用驱动膜蒸馏技术和低温余热驱动膜蒸馏技术等，并指出其发展方向。最后，探讨了膜蒸馏技术亟待研究和解决的问题，为该技术的进一步发展提供参考。

关键词: 膜蒸馏, 膜, 传热, 脱盐, 优化

Abstract: As a membrane separation technology, membrane distillation has unique features of low operating temperature, simple operating equipment, high salt rejection rate. It can be applied for different applications, including seawater desalination, wastewater treatment and juice concentrating process with a bright future. This paper introduced the operating principle of membrane distillation, characteristics and the manufacturing method of membrane materials, indicating the research direction of membrane materials. The principle of heat transfer and mass transfer of four basic membrane configurations (DCMD, AGMD, VMD and SGMD) were reviewed and research status of this area was given. Meanwhile, the technical feature, research status and commercial application of renewable energy as well as waste-heat-driven membrane distillation were described elaborately, including solar thermal/photovoltaic drive membrane distillation system, solar and heat pump coupled drive membrane distillation, solar pond membrane distillation technology, geothermal cascade utilization membrane distillation system as well as power plant/chemical plant low-temperature waste heat drive membrane distillation. The development direction of renewable energy driven membrane distillation was also indicated. Finally, the critical problems of membrane distillation were presented based on current status, which may provide insightful guidelines for the future development of membrane distillation technology.

Key words: membrane distillation, membrane, heat transfer, desalination, optimization

中图分类号:

TQ028.8

刘羊九, 王云山, 韩吉田, 任天健. 膜蒸馏技术研究及应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(10): 3726-3736.

LIU Yangjiu, WANG Yunshan, HAN Jitian, JEN Tien-Chien. State-of-the-arts review of research and application progress for membrane distillation technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(10): 3726-3736.

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