正火预处理对脉动热管启动时间的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 启动时间是脉动热管的重要性能指标，与管内壁的表面结构及工质润湿性密切相关。本文分别采用氧乙炔、钎焊炉正火与马弗炉500℃保温5h、480℃保温9h退火等4种处理方式对脉动热管进行预处理，观察了热管的内表面结构，测试了工质在相应表面的润湿性，并与未经处理的脉动热管内进行了对比，分析了脉动热管内表面性质对启动过程的影响机理。以几何参数相同的脉动热管为对象，以无水乙醇为工质，在50%充液率、垂直底部加热的条件下针对氧乙炔正火预处理前后的脉动热管的启动性能进行了对比实验。结果显示，经氧乙炔正火预处理后的脉动热管，工质在管内壁面的润湿性得到改善，热管的启动时间缩短且加热功率越小影响越大，在加热功率30W时启动时间缩短了74s。

关键词: 脉动热管, 正火处理, 润湿性, 表面特性, 启动时间

Abstract: Start-up time is one of the most important indexes for evaluating heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipe(PHP), which is closely related to structure and working medium wettability of tube inner wall. The pulsating heat pipe was pretreated by using oxyacetylene normalizing, brazing furnace normalizing, 500℃ muffle furnace annealing keeping 5h and 480℃ muffle furnace annealing keeping 9h, respectively and then their structure and working medium wettability of inner wall were investigated comparing with the PHP without treatment. The influence of inner surface properties on the start-up procedure of PHP was analyzed theoretically. The start-up time of PHP treated by oxyacetylene normalizing was experimentally studied when at the vertical bottom heat mode, by using anhydrous ethanol as working medium in the condition of 50% fill ratio of the PHP. The results reveal that oxyacetylene normalizing has a significant effect on the surface wettability of the working medium. In addition, the start-up time could be reduced especially at the lower heating power. When the heating power is 30W, the start-up time was reduced by 74s in comparison to the PHP without treatment.

Key words: pulsating heat pipe(PHP), normalizing, wettability, surface characteristic, start-up time

中图分类号:

TK124

王瑞祥, 闫梦霏, 徐荣吉, 邢美波. 正火预处理对脉动热管启动时间的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(06): 2116-2124.

WANG Ruixiang, YAN Mengfei, XU Rongji, XING Meibo. Influences of normalizing pretreatment on the start-up time of pulsating heat pipe[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(06): 2116-2124.

参考文献

[1] QU J, WU H Y. Thermal performance comparison of oscillating heat pipes with SiO₂/water and Al₂O₃/water nanofluids[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2011, 50(10):1954-1962.
[2] 林梓荣,汪双凤,张伟保,等.功能热流体强化脉动热管的热输送特性[J].化工学报, 2009, 60(6):1373-1379. LIN Z R, WANG S F, ZHANG W B, et al. Heat-transport capability of pulsating heat pipe enhanced by functional thermal fluids[J]. CIESC Journal, 2009, 60(6):1373-1379.
[3] HU Y X, LIU T Q, LI X Y, et al. Heat transfer enhancement of micro oscillating heat pipes with self-rewetting fluid[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 70:496-503.
[4] ZHU Y, CUI X Y, HAN H, et al. The study on the difference of the start-up and heat-transfer performance of the pulsating heat pipe with water-acetone mixtures[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 77:834-842.
[5] XIAN H Z, LIU D Y, SHANG F M, et al. Experimental study on the heat transfer enhancement of oscillating-flow heat pipe by acoustic capitation[J]. Drying Technology, 2009, 27(4):542-547.
[6] XIAN H Z, XU W J, ZHANG Y N, et al. Experimental investigations of dynamic fluid flow in oscillating heat pipe under pulse heating[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 88:376-383.
[7] HAO T T, MA X H, LAN Z, et al. Effects of hydrophilic surface on heat transfer performance and oscillating motion for an oscillating heat pipe[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 72:50-65.
[8] 李孝军,屈健,韩新月,等.微槽道脉动热管的启动及传热特性[J].化工学报, 2016, 67(6):2263-2270. LI X J, QUE J, HAN X Y, et al. Start-up and heat transfer performance of micro-grooved oscillating heat pipe[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(6):2263-2270.
[9] QU W, LUO X, AI B. Theoretical analysis capillary flow and high performance pulsating heat pipes[C]//Proceedings of the 11th International Heat Pipe Symposium, China, 2013:15-25.
[10] LIU T Y, LI P, LIU C, et al. Boiling flow characteristics in microchannels with very hydrophobic surface to super-hydrophilic surface[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011, 54:126-134.
[11] 纪玉龙,庾春荣,张庆振,等.表面浸润程度对脉动热管传热性能的影响[J].化工学报, 2017, 68(s1):141-149. JI Y L, YU C R, ZHANG Q Z, et al. Effect of surface wettability on heat transfer performance of oscillating heat pipe[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(s1):141-149.
[12] QU W, MA H B. Theoretical analysis of startup of a pulsating heat pipe[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2007, 50(11/12):2309-2316.
[13] XU J J, ZHANG Y W, MA H B. Effect of internal wick structure on liquid-vapor oscillatory flow and heat transfer in an oscillating heat pipe[J]. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 2009, 131(12):121012.
[14] ZHU X, WANG H, LIAO Q, et al. Experiments and analysis on self-motion behaviors of liquid droplets on gradient surfaces[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2009, 33(6):947-954.
[15] CHANDESRIS B, SOUPREMANIEN U, DUNOYER N. Uphill motion of droplets on tilted and vertical grooved substrates induced by a wettability gradient[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2013, 434:126-135.
[16] LAIBINIS P E, WHITESIDES G M. Self-assembled monolayers of n-alkanethiolates on copper are barrier films that protect the metal against oxidation by air[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1992, 114(23):9022-9028.
[17] YU X, WANG Z, JIANG Y, et al. Surface gradient material:from superhydrophobicity to superhydrophilicity[J]. Langmuir, 2006, 22(10):4483-4486.
[18] ITO Y, HEYDARI M, HASHIMOTO A, et al. The movement of a water droplet on a gradient surface prepared by photodegradation[J]. Langmuir, 2007, 23(4):1845-1850.
[19] SUN C, ZHAO X W, HAN Y H, et al. Control of water droplet motion by alteration of roughness gradient on silicon wafer by laser surface treatment[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2008, 516(12):4059-4063.
[20] WANG L, PENG B, SU Z. Tunable wettability and rewritable wettability gradient from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity[J]. Langmuir, 2010, 26(14):12203-12208.
[21] LI X, DAI H, TAN S, et al. Facile preparation of poly(ethyl α-cyanoacrylate) superhydrophobic and gradient wetting surfaces[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2009, 340(1):93-97.
[22] 俞丽娜,林大为,甘青松,等.正火处理对无取向50W 470电工钢显微组织和磁性能的影响[J].金属热处理, 2007(4):27-30. YU L N, LIN D W, GAN Q S, et al. Effects of normalization on microstructure and magnetic properties of non-oriented 50W 470 electrical steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2007(4):27-30.
[23] 傅敏士,肖亚航,刘凤玲.正火处理对20钢内部裂纹愈合的影响[J].热加工工艺, 2005(3):8-10. FU M S, XIAO Y H, LIU F L. Research on inner crack healing of 20 steel by normalizing heat treatment[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2005(3):8-10.
[24] 李晗嫣,陈文革,刘洁.热处理对Cu-Al复合界面显微组织结构与性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报, 2017, 38(7):63-70. LI H Y, CHEN W G, LIU J. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of Cu-Al composite interface[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2017, 38(7):63-70.
[25] 刘劲松,陈大勇,陈立鹏,等.退火处理对TP2铜管材组织与性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报, 2016, 37(3):107-113. LIU J S, CHEN D Y, CHEN L P, et al. Effect of annealing treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of TP2 copper tubes[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2016, 37(3):107-113.
[26] 王莎,王快社,张兵,等.退火温度对Cu/Mo/Cu轧制复合板微观组织和力学性能的影响[J].稀有金属, 2010, 34(3):460-463. WANG S, WANG K S, ZHANG B, et al. Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Mo-Cu laminates[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2010, 34(3):460-463.
[27] 徐荣吉,王瑞祥,丛伟,等.脉动热管启动过程的实验研究[J].西安交通大学学报, 2007, 41(5):530-533. XU R J, WANG R X, CONG W, et al. Experimental study on start-up process of pulsating heat pipe[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2007, 41(5):530-533.
[28] 郝婷婷.表面亲/疏水性能对脉动热管传递性能的影响[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2014. HAO T T. Effects of hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface on transport performance of an oscillating heat pipe[D]. Dalia:Dalian University of Technology, 2014.
[29] 章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞鸣.传热学[M]. 5版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2007:199. ZHANG X M, REN Z R, MEI F M. Heat transfer theory[M]. 5th ed. Beijing:China Building Industry Press, 2007:199.
[30] 于春健. 结构表面对受限空间核沸腾机理及强化的影响[D]. 大连:大连理工大学, 2012, 12. YU C J. Influence of structured surface on nucleate boiling heat transfer mechanism and enhancement[D].Dalian:DalianUniversity of Technology, 2012.
[31] FAIRWEATHER J D, CHEUNG P, ST-PIERRE J, et al. Amicrofluidic approach for measuring capillary pressure in PEMFC gas diffusion layers[J]. Electrochem Commun, 2007, 9:2340-2345.
[32] MCHALE G, AQIL S, SHIRTCLIFFE N J, et al. Analysis of droplet vaporation on a super hydrophobic surface[J], Langmuir, 2005, 21:11053-11060.
[33] WARD L J,SCHOFIELD W,BADYAL J,et al. Atmospheric pressure plasma deposition of structurally well-defined polyacry licacid films[J]. ChemMater, 2003, 15:1466-1469.
[34] WONG T, KANG S H, TANG S K Y, et al. Bioin spired self-repairing slippery surfaces with pressure-stable omniphobicity[J]. Nature, 2011, 477:443-447.
[35] HAO T T, MA X H, LAN Z, et al. Effects of hydrophilic surface on heat transfer performance and oscillating motion for an oscillating heat pipe[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 72:50-65.