十四酸铜超疏水表面的溶剂热法制备及其润湿性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1363

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超疏水表面是防止低温条件下风机叶片表面结冰、保证机组安全运行的重要材料之一。本文以十四酸乙醇溶液和铜片为前体，基于溶剂热法将十四酸铜原位生长于铜片表面，通过调控前体浓度和反应时间获得了不同润湿性的疏水表面，实现了疏水表面润湿性的有效调控。此外，采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了十四酸铜团簇的微结构及分布状态；借助X射线衍射仪（XRD）验证团簇粉末的晶格成分；通过接触角测量仪量化不同条件下样品的表面润湿性。结果表明，随着铜片表面十四酸铜团簇密集程度的增加，液滴与铜片的接触角增大，铜片润湿性降低；十四酸乙醇溶液浓度及反应时间可以显著改变十四酸铜分布状态，进而改变表面润湿性。疏水表面润湿性的变化是由于Ostwald熟化促进晶体生长，使表面的“禾苗”状聚合物逐渐生长成十四酸铜微米花。

关键词: 十四酸铜, 疏水表面, 润湿性调控, 微米花, Ostwald熟化

Abstract:

The superhydrophobic surface is a type of important materials to prevent the surface of fan blades from freezing under low-temperature conditions and ensure the safe operation of the plant. In this paper, myristate ethanol solution and copper sheet were used as precursors, and copper myristate was grown in-situ on the surface of copper sheets based on solvothermal method. The hydrophobic surface with different wettability was obtained by adjusting the precursor concentration and reaction time, in terms of controlling the wettability of the hydrophobic surface. In addition, the microstructure and distribution of copper myristate clusters were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The lattice composition of the cluster powders was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface wettability of the sample under different conditions was quantified by a contact angle meter. Results showed that the contact angle between the droplet and the copper sheet increases with the increasing copper myristate clusters density on the copper sheet surface, and the wettability of copper sheet decreases. The concentration of the myristate ethanol solution and the reaction time can significantly change the distribution of copper myristate and then alter the surface wettability. The change in the wettability of the hydrophobic surface is due to the Ostwald ripening promotes crystal growth, so that the “seeding” polymer on the surface gradually grows into copper myristate microflowers.

Key words: copper myristate, hydrophobic surface, wettability control, microflowers, Ostwald ripening

中图分类号:

TB34

洪文鹏, 兰景瑞, 李浩然, 陈小龙, 李艳. 十四酸铜超疏水表面的溶剂热法制备及其润湿性[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(12): 6574-6580.

HONG Wenpeng, LAN Jingrui, LI Haoran, CHEN Xiaolong, LI Yan. Solvothermal preparation of copper tetradecanoate superhydrophobic surface and its wettability[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(12): 6574-6580.

图/表 11

参考文献 32

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制备方法	润湿性调控	优点	缺点	参考文献
等离子刻蚀	调整射频功率和等离子体刻蚀时间	刻蚀速率快、表面物理形貌良好	工艺控制较困难，制备成本较高	［21］
激光刻蚀	计算机设置表面刻蚀图案	稳定性高、灵活性好	刻蚀速率较低，无法大批量生产	［22］
化学刻蚀	控制刻蚀时间	适应性强，均匀性好，适用范围广	刻蚀均匀性差，制备安全性能低	［23］
静电纺丝	调节电压及纺丝液浓度或者配比	可以简单、有效地制造微纳米纤维	方法复杂，成本高，生产难度大	［24-25］
溶胶-凝胶法	控制涂覆纳米颗粒种类及参数	耐热性良好	裂纹性和厚度限制	［26］
电化学沉积法	控制沉积时间及电流	适用于大体积工件	仅限于部分金属	［27］
模板法	调控模板结构	表面可控性强，操作方便	无法一次性制备大面积疏水表面	［28-29］
阳极氧化法	控制电流大小和阳极氧化时间	耐蚀性强	成本高	［30］
化学气相沉积	多种疏水颗粒协同作用	操作简便，技术成熟，疏水效果良好	表面微纳结构易磨损，设备昂贵	［31］

制备方法	润湿性调控	优点	缺点	参考文献
等离子刻蚀	调整射频功率和等离子体刻蚀时间	刻蚀速率快、表面物理形貌良好	工艺控制较困难，制备成本较高	［21］
激光刻蚀	计算机设置表面刻蚀图案	稳定性高、灵活性好	刻蚀速率较低，无法大批量生产	［22］
化学刻蚀	控制刻蚀时间	适应性强，均匀性好，适用范围广	刻蚀均匀性差，制备安全性能低	［23］
静电纺丝	调节电压及纺丝液浓度或者配比	可以简单、有效地制造微纳米纤维	方法复杂，成本高，生产难度大	［24-25］
溶胶-凝胶法	控制涂覆纳米颗粒种类及参数	耐热性良好	裂纹性和厚度限制	［26］
电化学沉积法	控制沉积时间及电流	适用于大体积工件	仅限于部分金属	［27］
模板法	调控模板结构	表面可控性强，操作方便	无法一次性制备大面积疏水表面	［28-29］
阳极氧化法	控制电流大小和阳极氧化时间	耐蚀性强	成本高	［30］
化学气相沉积	多种疏水颗粒协同作用	操作简便，技术成熟，疏水效果良好	表面微纳结构易磨损，设备昂贵	［31］

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