基于润湿性梯度设计的单向导水/油多孔材料研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1241

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 2526-2536.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1241

基于润湿性梯度设计的单向导水/油多孔材料研究进展

熊路¹(), 石磊¹, 王闻宇¹(), 金欣², 牛家嵘¹, 朱正涛¹^,³, 林童¹^,⁴

^1.天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院，天津 300387
^2.天津工业大学材料科学与工程学院，省部共建分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室，天津 300387
^3.美国南达科他矿业理工学院化学与应用生物系，拉皮德城 SD577 01
^4.澳大利亚迪肯大学前沿纤维研究与创新中心，吉朗 VIC3216

收稿日期:2021-06-15 修回日期:2021-07-24 出版日期:2022-05-05 发布日期:2022-05-24
通讯作者: 王闻宇
作者简介:熊路（1996—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为单向导水/导油材料。E-mail: xionglu815@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51573136);天津市自然科学基金重点项目(20JCZDJC00350);天津工业大学纤维培育基金(TGU-21-A2)

Progress in unidirectional water/oil transport porous materials based on design of wettability gradient

XIONG Lu¹(), SHI Lei¹, WANG Wenyu¹(), JIN Xin², NIU Jiarong¹, ZHU Zhengtao¹^,³, LIN Tong¹^,⁴

^1.School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
^2.State key Laboratory to Separation Membranes and Membrane Process, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
^3.Department of Chemistry and Applied Biological Science, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City SD57701, America
^4.Future Fibers Research and Innovation Center, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia

Received:2021-06-15 Revised:2021-07-24 Online:2022-05-05 Published:2022-05-24
Contact: WANG Wenyu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，具有独特的自发性液体运动的单向导水/油材料已成为研究热点。单向导水/油多孔材料是一种可用于雾水收集、油水分离、微流体传输以及功能织物等各种领域的新型材料。与普通的均匀润湿性多孔材料相比，具有单向液体传输特性的三维多孔材料通过表面和厚度方向的润湿性梯度精确设计，可以提供驱动力，促进液体的定向输送，提高液体传输效率，且能减少能源消耗。本文主要从化学梯度的调控、粗糙度梯度的构造、孔径梯度的设计这三种思路出发，按八种不同制备方法详细介绍了基于润湿性梯度的单向导水/油多孔材料的制备、输送液体的类型以及单向传输特性，同时概述了单向导水/油多孔材料在吸湿排汗纺织品、雾收集、油水分离等方面的实际应用，并提出了单向导水/油多孔材料在设计和使用方面所面临的挑战和未来发展前景。

关键词: 单向导水/油, 润湿性, 化学梯度, 粗糙度梯度, 孔径梯度

Abstract:

Recently, unidirectional water/oil transport materials with unique spontaneous liquid motion have become a hot issue. As a new type of materials, unidirectional water/oil transport porous materials can be used in various fields such as fog collection, oil-water separation, microfluidic transmission and functional fabrics. Compared with normal porous membranes with homogeneous wettability, the wettability gradient of unidirectional liquid transport three-dimensional porous materials can be accurately designed in the surface and along the material thickness, which can provide driving force, promote the directional transportation of liquids, and improve the transport efficiency without additional energy. This paper gave a comprehensive review to the recent studies about unidirectional water/oil transport porous materials with wettability gradient based on the principles of chemical gradient, roughness gradient and pore size gradient. In each part, the preparation, types of transporting liquid and unidirectional transport process were discussed according to eight methods. Moreover, the application of this kind of materials in moisture-wicking fabrics, fog collection and oil-water separation were summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects in design and application of this kind of materials were highlighted.

Key words: unidirectional water/oil transport, wettability, chemical gradient, roughness gradient, pore size gradient

中图分类号:

TB34

熊路, 石磊, 王闻宇, 金欣, 牛家嵘, 朱正涛, 林童. 基于润湿性梯度设计的单向导水/油多孔材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(5): 2526-2536.

XIONG Lu, SHI Lei, WANG Wenyu, JIN Xin, NIU Jiarong, ZHU Zhengtao, LIN Tong. Progress in unidirectional water/oil transport porous materials based on design of wettability gradient[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(5): 2526-2536.

图/表 8

图1 单面紫外线照射制备单向导水织物及单向导水过程示意图

图2 棉织物单面化学气相沉积过程

图3 复合纤维垫在滴水过程中表面水接触角随时间的变化及示意图

图4 棉织物上喷涂PET前后的静电喷涂处理示意图及场发射扫描电镜图像

图5 飞秒激光烧蚀技术在泡沫铜表面形成微纳米结构的制备原理

图6 定向芯吸双层纤维结构和集水能力示意图

图7 定向输送油多孔纳米纤维基油泵的油自爬性能

图8 非对称PAA-g-PVDF膜的界面限制相转化过程原理

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基于润湿性梯度设计的单向导水/油多孔材料研究进展

Progress in unidirectional water/oil transport porous materials based on design of wettability gradient

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