反电渗析法盐差能发电用离子交换膜研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017.01.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用海洋盐度差产能发电的反电渗析（reverse electrodialysis，RED）技术具有清洁、可持续、无污染、能量密度高等优点。离子交换膜是RED系统中的核心部件，膜的电化学和物理化学特性决定了RED的发电性能。本文介绍了RED发电过程对离子交换膜的性能要求，总结了影响RED发电性能的离子交换膜关键性能指标。并综述了基于新材料的离子交换膜、电场定向膜、有机-无机纳米粒子复合膜、表面具有微结构离子交换膜、单价选择性离子交换膜等目前RED专用离子交换膜的制备和改性方法，以及制得离子交换膜的RED发电相关性能。最后，对RED用离子交换膜的研究趋势进行了展望，指出将膜制备和RED装置特点结合，并利用流体力学模拟等手段进行结构优化，是RED专用膜研究的方向之一；从膜表面特性调控方面提高离子交换膜在天然水中的耐污染性，是RED研究的另一重要方向。

关键词: 反电渗析, 再生能源, 离子交换膜, 电化学, 选择性

Abstract: The technology of reverse electrodialysis(RED) generates electricity from salinity gradients of river and seawater. It has the advantage of clean,sustainable and high power density. Ion exchange membranes(IEMs) are the key element of the RED setup,their electrochemical and physicochemical properties determines the power generation performance of the process. This review described the requirements of membrane properties and summarized the key characteristics of ion exchange membranes that impact the power generation performance. In addition,the current preparation and modification methods for ion-exchange membranes specially used in RED,such as morphologically aligned IEMs,organic-inorganic nanocomposite IEMs,profiled IEMs and monovalent-ion-selective IEMs and their RED power generation performances were reviewed. Simultaneously,the research trends of IEMs for RED were prospected. Combining IEM preparation with other component of RED equipment and optimizing the performance with tools as hydrodynamics simulation is one of the directions of IEM research. The other potential direction is the research on anti-fouling membrane.

Key words: reverse electrodialysis, renewable energy, ion exchange membranes, electrochemistry, selectivity

中图分类号:

TQ152

邓会宁, 何云飞, 胡柏松, 冯妙. 反电渗析法盐差能发电用离子交换膜研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(01): 224-231.

DENG Huining, HE Yunfei, HU Baisong, FENG Miao. Progress in ion exchange membranes for reverse electrodialysis[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2017, 36(01): 224-231.

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