电场对液滴界面张力及动力学特征影响的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电场是改变液滴界面张力的重要因素，施加不同类型的电场对驱动微流体运动、变形、分裂及合并等行为起着至关重要的作用，该技术广泛用于微液滴操控、电子显示和原油脱水等领域，并具有潜在的应用前景。文中综述了电场作用下微液滴气-液、气-固与液-液交界面张力的变化，分析了与界面张力对微液滴运动学行为影响相关的实验现象及模拟成果；指出电场作用下气-液交界面处表面张力的变化趋势，因实验及模拟方法不同目前仍存在较大争议；探讨了直流电和交流电对电润湿过程液滴铺展的不同影响和液滴形态振荡特征；分析了直流电、交流电及电脉冲对电破乳过程中液滴运动行为的重要作用。总结了电场对液滴界面张力影响研究中存在的问题，并提出了值得进一步深入研究的可能方向。

关键词: 电场, 界面张力, 电润湿, 电破乳

Abstract: The effect of electric field on the interfacial tension of liquid droplets is of crucial importance to the movement,deformation,splitting and merging of micro fluids actuated by electric fields,which is extensively applied in micro drop control,electronic display,crude dehydration,etc., and its applications have many potential prospects. In this paper,the effects of electric field on the interfacial tension at gas-liquid,gas-solid and liquid-liquid interface are reviewed comprehensively. The mechanism of micro droplet dynamics induced by interfacial tensions in electric fields is discussed. The related experimental studies and simulation results are summarized. The trend of gas-liquid interfacial tension in the electric field is still controversial due to the difference in the experiments and simulation. The diversiform effects of DC and AC electric fields on the spreading of the droplet and the oscillating characteristic in the process of electrowetting are discussed. Similarly,the remarkable effects of DC,AC and pulse electric field on the movement of a droplet in the process of electric emulsification are analyzed. In addition,based on research progress and existing problems,the possible prospects of electric field on interfacial tension and dynamics of liquid droplets are suggested.

Key words: electric field, interfacial tension, electrowetting, electric emulsification

中图分类号:

TQ021
O361.4

叶学民, 戴宇晴, 李春曦. 电场对液滴界面张力及动力学特征影响的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(09): 2647-2655.

YE Xuemin, DAI Yuqing, LI Chunxi. Review on the effect of electric field on interfacial tension and dynamics of liquid droplets[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2016, 35(09): 2647-2655.

参考文献

[1] YOUNG T.The Bakerian lecture:experiments and calculations relative to physical optics[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,1804,94:1-16.
[2] ERRINGTON J R,DEBENEDETTI P G.Relationship between structural order and the anomalies of liquid water[J].Nature, 2001,409(6818):318-321.
[3] SCHMID G M,HURD R M,SNAVELY JR E S. Effects of electrostatic fields on the surface tension of salt solutions[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1962,109(9):852-858.
[4] DAMM E P.Discussion of "Effects of electrostatic fields on the surface tension of salt solutions"[SCHMID G M,HURD R M, SNAVELY JR E S.1962,109(9):852-858] [J].Journal of The Electrochemical Society,1963,110(6):590-591.
[5] HAYES C F. Water-air interface in the presence of an applied electric field[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry,1975,79(16):1689-1693.
[6] JIANG Q,CHIEW Y C,VALENTINE J E.Electric field effects on the surface tension of air/solution interfaces[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,1994,83(2):161-166.
[7] SOHL C H,MIYANO K,KETTERSON J B.Novel technique for dynamic surface tension and viscosity measurements at liquid-gas interfaces[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1978,49(10):1464-1469.
[8] LIGGIERI L,SANFELD A,STEINCHEN A.Effects of magnetic and electric fields on surface tension of liquids[J].Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,1994,206(3):299-331.
[9] WATANABE A,MATSUMOTO M,TAMAI H,et al.Electrocapillary phenomena at oil-water interfaces[J].Colloid & Polymer Science,1967,220(2):152-159.
[10] MORIMOTO Y,SAHEKI K.Electrification of a vacuum oil drop in an electric field[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1979, 18(7):1239-1242.
[11] SATO M,KUDO N,SAITO M.Surface tension reduction of liquid by applied electric field using vibrating jet method[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1998,34(2):294-300.
[12] SATO M,KITO M,SAKAI T. Surface tension reduction under high potential by vibrating jet method[J]. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu,1977,3(5):504-507.
[13] BATENI A,LAUGHTON S,TAVANA H,et al.Effect of electric fields on contact angle and surface tension of drops[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2005,283(1):215-222.
[14] BATENI A,ABABNEH A,ELLIOTT J A W,et al. Effect of gravity and electric field on shape and surface tension of drops[J].Advances in Space Research,2005,36(1):64-69.
[15] SANFELD A,WILSON S K.Influence of capillarity on chemical stability and of electric field on surface tension near the critical point[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,1998,356(1739):819-828.
[16] PRINS M W J,WELTERS W J J,WEEKAMP J W. Fluid control in multichannel structures by electrocapillary pressure[J].Science,2001,291(5502):277-280.
[17] KANG K H.How electrostatic fields change contact angle in electrowetting[J].Langmuir,2002,18(26):10318-10322.
[18] MUGELE F, BARET J C. Electrowetting:from basics to applications[J].Journal of Physics:Condensed Matter,2005, 17(28):R705.
[19] POLLACK M G, SHENDEROV A D, FAIR R B. Electrowetting-based actuation of droplets for integrated microfluidics[J].Lab on A Chip,2002,2(2):96-101.
[20] CHO S K,MOON H, KIM C J.Creating, transporting, cutting, and merging liquid droplets by electrowetting-based actuation for digital microfluidic circuits[J]. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems,2003,12(1):70-80.
[21] ZENG J,KORSMEYER T.Principles of droplet electrohydro-dynamics for lab-on-a-chip[J].Lab on A Chip,2004,4(4):265-277.
[22] 孙凯歌,康明,欧阳帆,等.带有悬浮锥形圆环的液体变焦透镜[J].光学精密工程,2009,17(6):1397.
[23] 康明,岳瑞峰,吴建刚,等.基于EWOD的锥形管状结构液体变焦透镜[J].传感技术学报,2006,19(5):1768-1770.
[24] 欧阳帆,吴建刚,孙凯歌,等.基于介质上电润湿的透射式显示器件[J].纳米技术与精密工程,2008,6(1):34-37.
[25] 唐文跃,胡国辉.生物芯片中周期性电渗透驱动液体薄膜的流动特性[J].力学学报,2012,44(3):600-606.
[26] 白锋,洪芳军.介质上电润湿液滴输运,合并及振荡实验研究[J].微纳电子技术,2012(8):526-533.
[27] NANAYAKKARA Y S,MOON H,PAYAGALA T,et al.A fundamental study on electrowetting by traditional and multifunctional ionic liquids:possible use in electrowetting on dielectric-based microfluidic applications[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2008,80(20):7690-7698.
[28] POLLACK M G, FAIR R B, SHENDEROV A D. Electrowetting-based actuation of liquid droplets for microfluidic applications[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2000, 77(11):1725-1726.
[29] SONG J H,EVANS R,LIN Y Y,et al.A scaling model for electrowetting-on-dielectric microfluidic actuators[J].Microfluidics & Nanofluidics,2008,7(1):75-89.
[30] 曾雪锋,董良,吴建刚,等.介质上电润湿现象的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(4):263-264.
[31] 曾雪锋,岳瑞锋,吴建刚,等.Actuation and control of droplets by using electrowetting-on-dielectric[J].中国物理快报:英文版, 2004,21(9):1851-1854.
[32] 岳瑞峰,吴建刚,曾雪锋,等.基于介质上电润湿的液滴产生器的研究[J].电子器件,2007,30(1):41-45.
[33] RAJABI N,DOLATABADI A.A novel electrode shape for electrowetting-based microfluidics[J]. Colloids & Surfaces A Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects, 2010, 365(1):230-236.
[34] WALKER S W,SHAPIRO B.Modeling the fluid dynamics of electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD)[J]. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems,2006,15(4):986-1000.
[35] 洪芳军,郑平.介质上电润湿液滴动力学特性的数值模拟研究[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(7):1205-1208
[36] YU T M,YANG S M,FU C Y,et al.Integration of organic opto-electrowetting and poly(ethylene) glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) microfluidics for droplets manipulation[J].Sensors & Actuators B Chemical,2013,180:35-42.
[37] MUGELE F, BARET J C, STEINHAUSER D. Microfluidic mixing through electrowetting-induced droplet oscillations[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2006,88(20):204106.
[38] MIRAGHAIE R,STERLING J D,NADIM A.Shape oscillation and internal mixing in sessile liquid drops using electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD)[J].NSTI-Nanotech Conference & Trade Show, 2006,2:610-613.
[39] SEN P,KIM C J.Capillary spreading dynamics of electrowetted sessile droplets in air[J]. Langmuir,2009,25(8):4302-4305.
[40] KO SH, LEE H, KANG K H. Hydrodynamic flows in electrowetting[J].Langmuir,2008,24(3):1094-1101.
[41] JUNG M O,SUNG H K,KWAN H K.Shape oscillation of a drop in AC electrowetting[J].Langmuir, 2008, 24(15):8379-8386.
[42] MUGELE F,STAICU A,BAKKER R,et al.Capillary Stokes drift:a new driving mechanism for mixing in AC-electrowetting[J]. Lab on A Chip, 2011, 11(12):2011-2016.
[43] 蒋冬冬,洪芳军,郑平.交流电润湿作用下液滴的振荡行为特性[J].上海交通大学学报,2013,47(4):513-518.
[44] 黄翔峰,王旭慧,陆丽君,等.多尺度研究油水乳状液稳定性的技术进展[J].化工进展,2016,35(1):26-33.
[45] 冯叔初,郭揆常.油气集输与矿场加工[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.
[46] 陈庆国,梁雯,宋春辉.电场强度对原油乳化液破乳脱水的影响[J].高电压技术,2014,40(1):173-180.
[47] 杨东海,何利民,叶团结,等.高压交流电场中单液滴变形度影响因素[J].化工学报,2011,62(5):1358-1364.
[48] 顾国疆,刘阁,陈彬,等.W/O型油水乳化液物理破乳技术及装置研究进展[J].化工进展,2015,34(2):319-324.
[49] EOW J S,GHADIRI M,SHARIF A.Experimental studies of deformation and break-up of aqueous drops in high electric fields[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2003,225(1):193-210.
[50] KAMIYA D,HORIE M.Study of electrically-induced wetting on silicon single-crystal substrates[J].Contact Angle,Wettability and Adhesion,2006,4:281-294.
[51] 张军,何宏舟.高压静电破乳中离散液滴的动力学分析[J].化工学报,2013,64(6):2050-2057.
[52] 杨东海,何利民,叶团结,等.高压交流电场中单液滴振荡特性实验[J].石油学报(石油加工),2012,28(4):666-682.
[53] 赵雪峰,何利民,叶团结,等.交流电场中水滴破裂及其影响因素研究[J].工程热物理学报,2013,34(10):1890-1893.
[54] 危卫,张云伟,顾兆林.电场作用下电流变液滴的变形及力学行为[J].科学通报,2013,58(3):197-205.
[55] 白莉,倪玲英,郭长会,等.乳状液液滴在高压直流电场中的变形与破裂分析[J].应用力学学报,2013,30(1):76-79.
[56] 张军,何宏舟,黄冠星.均匀电场中液滴变形特性的耗散粒子动力学模拟[J].化工学报,2014,65(10):3872-3877.
[57] 梁猛,李青,王奎升,等.匀强电场作用下分散相液滴的变形和破裂[J].化工学报,2014,65(3):843-848.
[58] 陈庆国,宋春辉,梁雯,等.非均匀电场下乳化油中液滴变形动力学行为[J].化工学报,2015,66(3):955-964.
[59] 孙治谦,金有海,王磊,等.高频脉冲电场参数对水滴极化变形的影响[J].化工学报,2012,63(10):3112-3118.