The dephlegmation technology, widely applied in petrochemical industry and refrigeration fields, can raise the coefficient of cooling performance and improve heat and mass effectively.This paper presents a comprehensive review on the background, device structures, mechanism and prospect of dephlegmation technology, which may be helpful for the future research work.Through the further research on the structure of dephlegmation devices, the utilization efficiency of cooling capacity can be improved, and the investment on the equipment can be reduced by the usage of the Advanced Recovery System (ARS) technology, compared with traditional flash system.From the perspective of the separation mechanism of dephlegmator, the Material-Equilibrium- Summation-Heat-energy (MESH) model can be used in the process of distillation, absorption and so on, but not appropriated for the simulation of dephlegmation system.Therefore, the appropriate mathematical model and physical properties correlation need to be explored for the calculation of dephlegmation technology.In addition, the combination between the simulation and experiments is needed to compare the advantages and reliability of dephlegmation technology.

Based on the practical problems of condenser, this article reviews the research progress of electroless plating applied to enhance dropwise condensation, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion properties.It is discussed the influence of surface energy, amorphous content, temperature, pressure, and PTFE content on the dropwise condensation.The growth of deposition on the electroless plating surface is introduced, and it is discussed the effect of amorphous content, experiment conditions, multi-layer plating and wolfram, boron nitride, stannum and cooper content on the surface anti-fouling property.This article discusses the influence of phosphorus content, multi-layer plating, surfactant, pH, temperature and Cu and PTFE content on the surface anti-corrosion property.Considering practical problems of condenser, put forward to future research which is creating a muli-property electroless plating.Meanwhile, in order to promote the development of electroless plating technology industrialization, longevity problem of electroless plating should also be solved.

Most chemical production process is intermittent, with the low degree of automation, high process complexity, strict conditions, high risk, etc.The traditional means of research and development is of high risk, cycle is long, and need to consume large amounts of manpower, material resources and financial resources.However, modern simulation technology is used to establish a set of virtual manufacturing system, people can work in the relevant scientific research out of danger; save the high costs which is required in practical research; dynamic structures and analysis reaction process, optimize process parameters, accelerate the research process of chemical production; have human-computer interaction with the built process,observe the working condition and reaction phenomenon of related equipment in real time; point of failure can be set and the process parameters can be changed artificially, also provides a new thinking and practice for operation training and emergency drill; to provide effective support for the chemical process simulation and the three-dimensional monitoring of production process.This paper introduces the recent progress in the field of modern chemical simulation technology at home and abroad and discusses its development trend.

Heat pipe can be applied on the solar photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) hybrid system to decrease the working temperature of solar cell of which, the photoelectric efficiency of which is increased, and the some of the heat energy is recycled at the same time so that the total energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved greatly.A thermal theoretical model of the PV-T system was established,and the solar-thermal hybrid experimental device with heat pipe is developed.Some related experiments are conducted including the tests of PV efficiency and heat transfer efficiency and exergy efficiency.The results show that the photoelectric efficiency is about 4.7%,the comprehensive efficiency of the system is about 49%, and the maximum exergy efficiency is about 8%.The overall efficiency of this system is higher than that of a pure PV system.Through comparative performance evaluation of several kinds of PV-T system,the heat pipe type PV-T system shows a significant energy-saving potential.Some energy-saving suggestions were also put forward.

S-sharped riser, one of the main structures in deep-water gathering system, runs frequently into typical severe slug flow at small liquid and gas rates, which show a great destroy on downstream devices.In this work, the classification and flow characteristic of severe slug flow are studied.The result shows that:①Like in the L-shaped riser, the severe slug flow in S-shaped riser displays strict periodicity, and the formation process covers five stages, namely, liquid slug formation in down limb, liquid slug formation in up limb, liquid production, gas blowout stage and liquid fallback.②The cycle and liquid slug length of typical severe slug flow decrease with the increased gas and liquid rates.③The composition of fluid mixture doesn't make much difference on the performance of severe slug flow.④The hazard of severe slug flow goes up with the diameter or/and height of the riser; Once the severe slug flow occurs to the deep-water oil & gas large diameter gathering system, the overwhelming damage could take place.⑤The cycle of severe slug flow rise with the operating pressure of separator, which could cause a more serious consequences.

Based on the enhanced heat transfer theory of longitudinal vortex, a novel enhanced heat transfer tube - rolled curved ribs tubes is developed.The influence of its structural parameters including rib width a, lead p, rib deep e and Re on Nu, f and the overall heat transfer performance evaluation criterion(PEC) value is studied numerically in different Re from 500 to 4×10⁴, and the dimensionless correlations of Nu, f are finally obtained.The results show that a strong vortex in the longitudinal direction of the spiral is induced in the near-wall region due to the presence of the ribs, which could break boundary, in turn achieved a heat transfer enhancement.lead p and rib deep e have bigger influence than rib width a in the overall heat transfer performance; the better geometric parameters of the new tube are p=10mm,e=0.6mm,a=1.8mm.When Re<2300, the Nu of the rolled curved ribs tube can be 2.9—7.0 times than that of the smooth circular tube, correspondingly, frictional loss factor is about 1.4—3.6 times than that of the smooth circular tube.When 500< Re <2300, the overall heat transfer performance evaluation criterion (PEC) value can reach up to 2.4—4.6, and when the 2300< Re <40000, it can reach 1.2—2.3.

Thermosyphon reboiler is natural circulation equipment,widely used in petroleum and chemical industry,which drived by density contrast between heated fluid and static head linked to column bottom.So the reboiler system design should simultaneously satisfy the needs of the heat transfer and fluid mechanics pressure equilibrium.According to TEMA standards, national standards and petrochemical standards, this paper propose a complete set of reboiler pressure balance calculation method.Using this method,check pressure balance for butane tower reboiler in catalytic cracking unit,which gasification is lower than design, found the reboiler of installation height can't meet the requirements of current plant operation.According to the calculation results and field equipment layout, puts forward the corresponding reform scheme.Finally, the paper puts forward the key points and announcements for heat siphon reboiler in the design of pressure balance in order to meet the requirements of stability and diversity in the operation of the reboiler.

In the design and construction of the LNG receiving terminal, the accuracy of BOG (boil-off gas) generation calculation will directly affect the equipment investment and the stability of daily operation.In order to improve the accuracy of BOG generation calculation, taking a project for example, based on the traditional method of BOG calculation, introduced the computer simulation software——Aspen Hysys, selected the Peng-Robinson equation of state, simulated the receiving terminal process, obtained the maximum amount of BOG generation.Through comparison with traditional static design calculation, finding the shortage of traditional static design calculation, the results show that the simulated calculation of BOG generation by Hysys is more accurately reflect the actual situation of LNG receiving station.This method is suitable for the preliminary design and detailed design stage of the LNG terminal, traditional static design calculation can be used to roughly calculate for the feasibility study stage of the LNG terminal.

Recently, LNG terminal station develops greatly with the percentage of natural gas increasing in the energy structure of China.As the key equipment of LNG terminal station, the operating parameters and design size of recondenser affect on the terminal's investment greatly, and also impact on the terminal station operating stablely.

Based on developing trend, resources potential, regional advantage of Yunnan fuel ethanol industry, this paper states the current situation of Yunnan fuel ethanol industry.From the point view of policy supporting, Yunnan ethanol industry can be taken into actively perfect, such as strive for national ethanol pilot province, establish technical coordinating department, set up special subsidies system, form a certain scale of pilot project, pull through priority manufacture chain, and improve the demonstrated extension effect.From the point view of raw material security, Yunnan ethanol industry can be taken into actively account, such as supply cane material, expand potato planting area, promote land transfer, build intensive planting management mode, exploit abroad cultivation base.In the end, we put forward the measures of Yunnan ethanol industry, i.e.integrate small and medium-sized ethanol production enterprise to come into scale effect, and combine to form manufacture chain in order to reduce cost of ethanol production.

From the perspective of thermodynamics, the carbon deposition phenomenon in methane reforming process were reviewed.The three-element composition of C-H-O triangular diagrams were analyzed, as well as various reforming forms of non-carbon deposition region, including the SMR, CDR, POM, TRM, and methane reforming process in the anode of fuel cell.Finally, the mitigate carbon deposition measures were proposed at thermodynamic perspective: the combined reforming forms can minimizes carbon deposition, while the use of anodic oxygen injection, the carbon deposition of methane reforming in fuel cells can be improved.

This paper reviews the progress of hydrogen resource optimization technology at home and abroad, points out the problems of existing methods and proposes the future direction of technology development: pinch method presents system bottlenecks in graphical forms, the method is simple and easy to understand, but it ignores the effect of pressure, impurities and other factors on hydrogen networks; mathematical programming method details system modeling simulation to maximize the hydrogen system by assuming that the swinging in small range of the hydrogen oil ratio and the hydrogen partial pressure has no effect on the operation of the device and product distribution, this assumption is established under the situation that the hydrogen condition has a small change, but not when hydrogen condition changes significantly, however, kinetic modeling can conquer this shortcoming.

The single coal quality differences because of the mixed coal, we discuss the influence of characteristics of mixed coal for coal blending and the coke quality.The results show that the main reasons for the fluctuation of coke quality in the domestic coking coal are mixed coal which accounted for more than 2/3.According to the national standard, the mixed coal are characterized by S0, which has a certain influence on the bond properties of coking coal, and has no obvious influence on the strength of the coke.On the contrary, the characterized index WQN have a little effect on the bonding properties of coking coal, but has obvious influence on the strength of M40 and CSR.

Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is a novel electric energy storage technology, with advantages such as excellent environmental adaptability and high capacity.This paper combined LAES technology with IGCC system.Compared to the old ones, the advanced LAES-IGCC power plant has better performance in power quality control and peak shaving.It uses LAES technology to obtain high-pressure air for power generation.In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis is presented for such a system.The mass and energy balance of the power plant was calculated, and the key process parameters of the system and all reactors got optimized.The results showed that a 150MW LAES-IGCC power plant could work normally with thermal efficiency of 52.8%.In addition, gas turbine power and steam turbine power of this system is about 95.9MW and 53.9MW, respectively.Correspondingly, power of a traditional IGCC system without LAES is about 151.4MW with the same parameters, while a simple cycle gas turbine with thermal efficiency of only 35.8%.

In pretreatments of lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production, certain amount of sugars was degraded as fermentation inhibitors, and the degradation was much more severe in the acidic pretreatment.Theses fermentations inhibitors including formic acid, acetic acid, levulinic acid, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) which affect the conversion yield of ethanol from glucose fermentation.This paper examined the effect of the five fermentation inhibitors concentration on the ethanol yield of Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucose fermentation. The results show that, synergistic effect of various fermentation inhibitors on ethanol fermentation was higher than single fermentation inhibitor on ethanol fermentation.The total fermentation inhibitors in fermentation solutions generally controlled within 3.0g/L, which inhibitory effect on glucose fermentation for ethanol is not obvious.

For a comprehensive assessment of environmental sustainability of comprehensive utilization system of oil shale, taking 300×10⁴t/a oil shale comprehensive utilization project in Huadian of Jilin Province as an example, the evaluation index system is built based on emergy analysis theory.It is revealed that although emergy transformity of shale oil(Tr)is higher than typical crude oil's, but the system has less impact on environment because of low environmental loading ration(ELR) and emergy sustainability index(ESI) is quite higher means system has energy and development potential.Compared with Huadian-type retorting system, the boiler ash used in building materials not only can increase by-products but also improve emergy yield ratio(EYR) and the other emergy indices.

Thermogravimetry analysis (TG) coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was applied,in the nitrogen background,to analyse dry basis,air dried basis and as-received basis of five kinds of oil shale as well as purified water.First of all,one of the oil shale samples was used in thermogravimetry analysis with different heating rate,the heating rate of 3℃/min,10℃/min and 20℃/min, curves were plotted to illustrate the relationship between energy consumption for per unit mass of water evaporation and temperatures.Results show that the energy taken in evaporation process for normal state water remains constant,which is about 2321kJ/kg.The different stages of curves of air dried basis and as-received basis represent the evaporation processes of different moisture in oil shale.According to the mechanism of moisture in oil shale,we get the average energy consumption of the external water,internal water,surface water and absorbed water under three different kinds of heat rate.Compared with normal state water,the ratios are 1 to 1.18 to 1.95 to 1.60 to1.97、1 to 1.1 to1.84 to 1.58 to 1.90、1 to 1.14 to 1.88 to 1.59 to 1.93.It was proven that heating rate almost has no effect on energy consumption of dehydration.Thermogravimetry analysis was applied in the other four kinds of samples with the rate of 3℃/min, the calculation results show that the average energy consumption of different kinds of oil shale is basically the same.

Vaporizer is one of the important equipment of LNG Receiving Station, the intermediate fluid vaporizer is the first choice for many stations, the intermediate fluid vaporizer used in sea water condition was introduced in this article, this vaporizer was the first one which was designed and fabricated at home, the structure, heat transfer, material selection, strength calculation and manufacture of this vaporizer were described.

This paper reviewed the progress in the modification of photacatalysis under visible light of titanium dioxide, and prospected the applied prospect of titanium dioxide.The modification methods of titanium dioxide photacatalyst under visible light includes: metal ions doped, non-metallic ions doped, semiconductors compound, surface sensitization of light and co-doped.Among this the most widely used method is co-doped, because it set the advantages of other methods, to improve the performance of titanium dioxide in reducing the band gap, improving the light-absorbing capacity, reducing the electron and hole recombination and other aspects.Meanwhile summarizes its recent experimental study on the degradation of pollutants in the environment, reduction of organic matter, solar cells and so on, showing its potential applications in many fields.Finally, this paper prospected the future direction and applied prospect of titanium dioxide catalyst under visible light.

Ethanol as a clean and green energy has a characteristics of environmental friendly.It shows broad application prospects in the energy field.It is strategic significance to develop the ethanol synthesis catalysts with highly catalytic activity, product selectivity and commercial attraction.Non-rhodium supported catalysts have been studied extensively in recent years as these catalysts produced ethonal with relatively high catalytic activity, product selectivity and commercial attraction.In this paper, the latest overseas and domestic research advances in syngas direct or indirect conversion to ethonal over non-rhodium supported catalyst were introduced.The effects of active components, carrier, promoter and preparation methods on the catalytic activity and product selectivity were analysed.The existing problems were pointed out.It proposed that the development of non-rhodium supported catalyst with highly catalytic activity,product selectivity and commercial attraction was the future development trend.

The kinetic resolution of transesterification reaction of trans-paroxol catalyzed by lipase was studied in organic media.The influence factors including enzyme source, solvent, acyl donor, temperature, substrate and the molar ratio of substrate with acyl donor were researched.The optimal conditions were obtained as following: Acetonitrile as solvent, viny acetate as acyl donor, concentration of substrate of 40mmol/L, the molar ratio substrate with acyl donor of 1:8 and reaction temperature 30℃.The conversion, the ee_s and the E value reached 48.1%, 53.3% and 6.20 under the optimal conditions after 8h.

An efficient process for preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from cellulose was carried out using ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-methyl-imidazole dimethyl phosphate ([DMIM][DMP]) as reaction medium, extremely low 0.1% mixed acids (0.1%,maleic acid and HCl) as catalyst.Yield of 5-HMF was 29.13% and conversion efficiency was 6.48mg/min. The reaction condition of microwave was 720W for 9min at 240℃.The ratio of solid to liquid was 1:50(mass ratio) and acid concentration was 0.1%.

Monolithic Mn catalysts were prepared by two different Mn precursors (manganese nitrate and manganese acetate), and these catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, XPS and NH₃-SCR.The catalyst prepared by manganese nitrate has higher low-temperature de NO_x activity than that prepared by manganese acetate.The de NO_x efficiency of MnN/TiO₂/CC catalyst was close to 100% in the reaction temperature between 150℃ and 250℃. However, when the reaction temperature was above 250℃, the activity of MnA/TiO₂/CC catalyst was better than MnN/TiO₂/CC catalyst.Characterization results showed that higher surface Mn concentration and weak acids were found on MnN/TiO₂/CC catalyst.

Electronic paper combines the advantages of conventional paper and electronic devices of the new era, it can be read comfortably as paper and be fold flexibly, as well as it can refresh contents as liquid crystal displays.Microcapsule electrophoretic display make the diffusion and aggregation of particle imprison within the limited space, that can improve the stability of electrophoretic fluid, prolong service life.It is considered to be one of the most developmental display technology.This article mainly introduces microcapsulated electrophoretic display technology, on the basis of the various electrophoretic display technology.Firstly, we introduce surface modification of the white electrophoretic inorganic particles.Secondly, the surface modification of color electrophoretic organic particles are discussed.In addition, we introduce the preparation of electronic ink and the development present situation at home and abroad of microcapsulated electrophoretic display.

The surface modification is one of the main processing technologies of ground calcium carbonate,it plays an important role in improving the application value and performance of ground calcium carbonate.This paper introduces the physical and chemical properties of ground calcium carbonate and its modified purpose.According to the surface modification process, the modified method is divided into physical coating modification, surface chemical modification, mechanical chemical modification, surface deposition modification and high energy surface modification.We summarized the characteristics of those modified methods and the selection of modifiers.The modification of ground calcium carbonate will develop towards specialization, size of nano and green environment protection.

With the extensive application of polyurethane materials in the biomedical field, the requirements of antibacterial properties of its surface have been more and more rigorous.Therefore, many scholars devoted to the study of antibacterial polyurethane material with excellent performance.This review summarized the research progress of antibacterial polyurethane materials in recent years all over the world.Several methods, such as physical, chemical and composite modification, of introducing antibacterial groups with polyurethane were illustrated.The antibacterial mechanisms of organic, inorganic and natural antibacterial agents were expounded in detail, while their applications in the modification of polyurethane were discussed.Furthermore, the direction and attention of the future research on antibacterial polyurethane materials have been prospected as well.

Surface property of material has a great impact on the interfacial adhesion of particle and surface.Rough surfaces were used for studying scale feature of above two indicators.It could conclude from the above study of scale feature of fractal indicators that there existed two regions when fractal indicators change with scale, which were named unstable fractal region and stable region.In the process of analysing the two-dimensional surface contour, we transfered the finding of critical point into solving the quantitative relationship of sampling length and angle α.By the quantitative relationship, angle α could be made 0 to obtain the critical sampling length.As long as the sample length is greater than the critical length, stable fractal region could be obtained, and then the stable fractal dimension could be calculated, which would not affected by the resolution of instrument.In this case the fractal dimension can reflect the inherent property of rough surface, which can be used as an accurate characterization of surface roughness.Through the analysis of cleaning mechanism of solid dirt, we find that surface roughness has a great impact on interfacial adhesion.The results show that adhesion force changes with surface roughness, Ra<0.4627μm, adhesion force decreases with the increase of surface roughness; 1.3461μm< Ra <2.9755μm, adhesion force increases gradually; Ra>3μm, adhesion force remains the same.Adhesion force also changes with fractal indicator, it changes the opposite trend with surface roughness.

Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were employed to investigate the pyrolytic behavior and primary pyrolysis product distribution of the pyrolysis of wood-plastic composites (WPC).The mutual effects of poplar wood and high-density polyethylene were detailed discussed during pyrolysis.The results showed that a significant synergistic effect between plastic and biomass was present in the pyrolysis process of WPC.The Py-GC/MS indicated that due to the lower temperature of biomass component decomposition compared with polyolefins, free radicals are formed from biomass pyrolysis and participate in reactions of plastic decomposition, initiating the scission of the synthetic polymer chain and yielding more light paraffins.The TGA indicated that the experimental char yield of WPC was lower than theoretical ones at final pyrolysis temperature.The reason could be that polyolenic polymers provide hydrogen during thermal process with wood biomass and recondensation or recombination of thermal cracking products of biomass is reduced, resulting in the less amount of char production and enhancement of volatile products formation.

Adipic acid copolymer solution was synthesized, using this as liquid medium, the liquid phase pyrocondensation polymerization of aspartic acid was investigated.When the hydroxyl value of the copolymer solution less than 310mgKOH/g and acid value less than 5mgKOH/g, PSI yield was 90.5%—93.4%, more than the yield of 86.8% in the same reaction condition of solid phase pyrocondensation polymerization.The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time and dosage of catalyst on pyrocondensation polymerization of L-ASP have been discussed.When the reaction temperature was 200℃, reaction time was 2 hours, dosage of catalyst was 8%, the yield of PSI was 93.4%, and the optimum reaction conditions were obtained.The number-average molecular weight of PSI was 39956, and molecular weight distribution coefficient was 1.16.This study also analyzed the comparison of infrared spectrum of PSI products from different pyrocondensation polymerization conditions.

By level 3 phosphoric acid reflux extraction, then add sulfate crystallization method to make high quality phosphoric acid and phosphorus gypsum.Using the method of single factor experiment investigates the temperature, solid-liquid ratio, reaction time and the amount of sulfuric acid influence on extraction rate of P₂O₅ and each impurity. Determined by experiment, the best reaction temperature was 90℃, the best reaction time was 2h, best liquid-solid ratio was 12:1 and in the third level, the best dosage of sulfuric acid was 1.2%; Extraction rate reached 98% or more. The impurity in the phosphoric acid product,content of CaO, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO dropped respectively to 0.29%, 0.11%, 0.24% and 0.431%; Prepare white phosphorus gypsum, by hydrothermal method to make good crystal shape and length to diameter was larger whisker. This method can apply to other low grade ore, has strong adaptability, and can realize the economic value added with broad prospects for promotion.

Compared with Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall, a series of benzene aromatic chemicals derived from lignin decomposed by wood decay fungi were investigated.Eleven fungi with potency of degrading lignin were isolated from decay wood samples, and two of them with the highest degradation ability, ZS1 and ZSH, were used to biodegrade alkali lignin and neutral lignin.Through optimizing biodegradation condition and HPLC analysis of degraded products, it was found that, within initial concentrations of 1.0—20.0 g/L, at most 40.7% alkali lignin could be decomposed by ZS1 which is higher than ZSH, while decomposition rate of neutral lignin by ZSH could reach 32.3% which is higher than ZS1.These decomposition rates could be close to that of P.chrysosporium Burdsall.The results also indicated that the lignin could be deconstructed to benzene derivatives chemicals such as vanillic acid, benzoic acid, vanillic aldehyde, phenol, syring aldehyde, benzene, 4-methyl anisole, 4-ethyl anisole, toluene, and p-xylene, which the quantity and concentration of degraded products depended on the type of fungi.The lignin-degrading performance of different fungi showed certain dependency on the structure of substrates, and presented some directional selectivity to products.

The chloroacetic acid was synthesized by acetic acid in this experiment, in which using thionylchloride as the catalyst,at the same time the chlorine and oxgen were added in as the chlorinating agents.The effect of reaction temperature and time, the amount and species of catalyst were investigated on the yield of product.The optional conditions were proved to be at temperature of 110℃, n(acetic acid):n(thionylchloride)=2:1, the highest yield up to 96.5% and the purity reached 99.5%.

Compared to traditional biosensors, micro/nano-fluidic based biosensors show great advantages in reducing sample volume, rapid and specific detection,high throughput, and easy manipulation.These superiorities have paved the way for micro/nano-fluidic based biosensors to become real world products finally.The small scale biosensors are categorized into two broad classes here, which are the conventional micro/nano-fluidic based biosensors and microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) emerged recently.This chapter starts with a brief introduction of the current state-of-the-art micro/nano-fluidic based biosensors, followed by the relevant underlying theories, characterisation of materials, development of fabrication techniques and some typical applicationsin environmental monitoring.The limitations and perspectives of the biosensors based on different techniques are simply suggested.

This paper explores the development trends of air cleaner related technology for removing PM_2.5 by analysing the patents on the field.It chooses the patents collected from the abstract database of patents in China to study the patent layout of air cleaners in accordance with the following aspects: the patent application situation, the patent characteristics of important applicants, the patent development trend and so on.The analysis showed that application quantity of patent on the field increased rapidly from 2012. Although the technology began to develop two or three years before, the quantity of patent applications grows quickly and the technology has great potential.Technical constitution of the field was analysed by International Patent Classification (IPC).The research found that major technologies on the field were the filter and air-conditioning system.The analysis showed that most of the applicants were from China and the Chinese applicants take the dominance of the field in China.Colleges has more patents and the colleges focused on the key technology of the air purification.Enterprises involved the application of the technology in special electric apparatus.Domestic applicants in universities and institutes were much more than that in enterprises,so it was necessary to strengthen the cooperation between enterprises and academies and promote the industrialization of the core technology of the field.

Copper mining causes the accumulation of tailing resources.In the accumulation process, tailings not only occupy land space, but also cause the pollution of atmosphere and groundwater by the dust and filtration, bringing enormous pressure to the ecological environment.It is imminent that copper tailings are effectively disposed.The copper tailings are rich in useful components, showing obvious characteristics of the resources and the potential for recycling utilization.In this paper the main methods and technologies of recycling utilization of copper tailings at home and abroad are reviewed, including reelection and recycling of the valuable components by flotation and bioleaching, and utilization as building materials for the production of the bricks and as the admixture of cement and concrete.It is also pointed out that more attention should be paid to utilization of copper tailings for the preparation of high value-added materials, such as as the raw material for sythesis of the silicon resources to produce amorphous silica, which are willing to provide references for recycling utilization of copper tailing resources.

Producing sulfate acid with ammonium-transferred method was studied using phosphogypsum from Wengfu Guizhou Ltd.The decomposition of Ammonium sulfate was analyzed by thermogravimetry-mass spectrum (TG-MS), and the decomposition temperature was determined to avoid the side reaction.According to results, ammonium sulfate transformation rate can reach 92.93%, recycle rate of NH₃ can reach 86.57% at 420℃ for 1h, and recycle rate of SO₃ can reach 93.75% at 700℃ for 1h.Nitrogen and sulfur are recycled effectively via the process.It turns out that the ammonium-transferred method is best for industrialization of sulfuric acid production.

Along with oilfield water content rising, the scaling phenomenon is quite severely in the ground and gathering system.In view of the scaling characteristics of Xinjiang oilfield, Seven typical wells of three areas were selected.The scaling reason in oil well was studied by X-ray diffraction measurement to scale obtained from oilfield.Influences of environmental factors, such as time, temperature, pH value, concentration of scaling to scaling were investigated by EDTA titration method.The application efficiency of a novel complex scale inhibitor was evaluated by using the static scale inhibitor method.It is found that the scale of the oilfield is mainly composed of carbonate scale.The scaling kinetics changes suddenly at 9h.The raising temperature will decrease the solubility of the scale of CaCO₃ in the water.The higher the pH value is, the stronger the tendency formed of carbonate scale is.The raising concentration of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and HCO₃^- is in favor of the formation of carbonate scale.Inhibition efficiency of the complex scale inhibitor composed of HX-1 and WAS with volume ratio 1:1 is more than 93.9%, which shows good application effect in the oilfield.

Wen13-1/2 oil field liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) recycling project is the first offshore LPG recycling project in CNOOC (China) Co., Ltd.Zhanjiang branch.In recent years,LPG gas copper corrosion exceeding occurs sometimes.By detecting hydrogen sulfide, total sulfur content of LPG gas sample and testing copper corrosion product through energy spectrum test, Wen13-1/2 oil field LPG copper corrosion exceeding is concerned with sulfur content exceeding.According to the characteristics of production conditions in offshore oil field, we propose to adopt wet desulfuring technologies——direct injection of hydrogen sulfide scavenger to solve unqualified copper corrosion problems.Field test injection point is set on compressor entrance, which can provide space and time for reaction between the hydrogen sulfide scavenger with hydrogen sulfide and can also manage hydrogen sulfide to lower levels from upstream of LPG systems, preventing the proliferation of hydrogen sulfide in the LPG system.Liquefied petroleum gas desulfurizer goes with filling volume 50mL/min.During a month's time of field test, copper corrosion index can be effectively decreased to 1a from 2a,which can ensure that LPG products comply with national standard.

The main reason for the vibration of the pipeline of the reciprocating compressor is the pressure pulsation, especially when the natural frequency of the pipeline equal to frequency of stimulate vibration, sympathetic vibration will occur and that will affect the normal operation.The pipeline of skidded reciprocating compressor belong to NO.1 Gas Production Plant of XinJiang Oilfield Company have been vibrated since it was installed.The experimental tests is done to get the vibration data and vibration frequency for the pipe system of the skidded reciprocating compressor.Then the Caesar II model is established to caculate the natural frequency of the piping system and to analyse the reason for the piping vibration.Through change the location and rigidity of the piping support to adjust the natural frequency of piping system, the piping sympathetic vibration is eliminated.After the adjusting, good vibration attenuation effect was achived and hidden troubles to smooth running or the unit eliminated and what presented herein could be referenced in reduceing the pipeline vibration of skidded reciprocating compressor.

Information technology and automatic control technology is widely used in the process industry.The production process, in order to effectively monitor and improve enterprise management level, which has played an important role in achieving the integrated management and control, is a major way for enterprises to achieve information technology and industrialization.In this paper, a domestic pipeline company promoted unattended gas stations field construction process based on internationally accepted ISA—95 standards, and established an automation and information technology as the core of the system, which is a layered architecture, aiming to study the application research of management and control integration solutions.