Brush copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as side chains have received wide attentions due to their unique properties and potential applications. In this article，the synthesis strategies，including “grafting through” and “grafting onto”，their speci?c advantages and limitations are reviewed，with an emphasis on brush PEG copolymers based on biodegradable materials，such as polyesters. In each strategy，various polymerization techniques，such as ionic polymerization，radical polymerization，ring opening polymerization and their compatible partner various coupling reactions，are employed. Meanwhile，the surface morphologies of the micelles built from linear PEG copolymers and brush PEG copolymers are illustrated in this article，and the effects of the architecture of PEG brush on the formed nanoparticles’ properties in drug delivery are briefly discussed. Well-de?ned brush PEG structure can prolong circulation times，resulting in improvement in drug efficacy. However，the effective synthetic methods as well as the micelles’ in vivo and in vitro properties still need ongoing and further researches.

Despite a large number of patents and scienti?c papers about norbornene synthesis in the last 70 years，a systematic review is lacking. Firstly，the synthesis of norbornene through the Diels-Alder reaction of (di)cyclopentadiene with ethylene is introduced，and the processes of elevated temperature and pressure to enhance the reactivity of ethylene are commented. Reaction heat and side reactions are listed. According to the characteristics of norbornene synthesis of high pressure/temperature and immense amount of reaction heat release，reaction kinetics which provides reference to controlling the degree of reaction is summarized for the safety of production technology. Moreover，the development of synthesis processes is reviewed，and the advantages and disadvantages of liquid phase process and gas phase process are compared. The gas phase processes could reduce side reactions，but low yield limits its wide use. At present，the liquid phase process is still a mainstream technology for synthesis of norbornene. At last，the design of reactors with special structure to enhance mixing of reaction process could be a key issue of future study.

Simple structure and low grade heat energy requirement are great advantages of open absorption heat pump. Proper use of this technology is important to solve the city heat shortage and improve energy efficiencies in industries. However，equipment corrosion，non-condensable gas and other issues often prevent the application of open absorption pump. This paper summarized the domestic and international research progressed of the open absorption heat pump. It can be used in heating，air conditioning，refrigeration and other industrial processes. Processing media including air，flue gas after combustion，driving heat source can be concentrated heat source and distributed energy，such as solar energy，biomass boiler，gas boiler and power plant boiler. Structures can be different based on heat sources and purposes of applications. Applications of open absorption heat pump in the industrial waste heat recovery，especially flue gas waste heat recovery were also briefly overviewed. The causes and possible solutions to corrosion and non-condensable gas plugging were analyzed as well.

Because the diffusion resistance of residual oil in the catalyst pore influences the catalytic reaction rate and the utilization of the catalysts，research on diffusion of residual oil in the catalyst pore is of great importance for guiding the hydrogenation catalyst design and improving the utilization of hydrogenation catalyst. This paper summarized the main research methods for studying the restricted diffusion of heavy oil in catalyst pore. The reaction-diffusion kinetic method using under reaction conditions is more practical than the diaphragm cell and adsorptive methods using under non-reaction conditions. The advances of the restrictive factor of heavy oil are also briefly discussed. The analysis of the materials used in diffusion showed that the Well-Defined and Uniform Pore-structure（WDUPS）model catalyst is an ideal porous material in the diffusion study.

The electrophoretic membrane contactor (EMC) is a novel membrane separation technology in which porous membranes are stacked or replaced partial ion exchange membranes by porous membranes in conventional electrodialysis cell. The porous membranes act as the contact interface between the two liquid streams where the mass transfer takes place. The voltage，applied in a direction perpendicular to the flows，is the only driving force. This review paper described the principles of EMC. Cell configuration and operation mode of EMC were briefly discussed. The influences of important operation factors，such as pH of solution and electric field strength，polymer materials and molecular weight cutoff of porous membranes on the mass transfer of EMC process were analyzed in detail. Pollution status of the porous membranes during the operation of EMC was explored and the application potential of EMC in separation and purification of biomacromolecules was discussed. EMC further extends the application field of electrodialysis by using of porous membrane，which could be used in separation and purification of biomolecules greater than 500 Da. Membrane fouling could be effectively minimized due to external electric field.

This paper reviewed the research progresses of ship exhaust gas cleaning desulfurization equipment. Advantages and disadvantages of seawater treatment，alkali liquor and modified method of seawater were introduced. The hybrid system combining seawater with alkali liquor is more efficient economically and has a wide applicability range. Products from major manufacturers were discussed，focusing on the parameters and structures of the scrubbers. Effluent standards and its treatment were also introduced. The analysis of the research status of simultaneous removal of various pollutions from ship exhaust indicated that design efficiency，cost effective NOx oxidation device，and improvement of the ultrafine particle capture ability of wet process，are important factors. Simultaneous removal of SOx，NOx and PM by wet process could be the research direction of ship exhaust cleaning equipment in the future.

Traditional baffle plate freezing dehydrator used in Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) production industry has some defects，such as uneven distribution of cold of TFE cracking gas in large diameter tubes，low efficiency of ice crystals resident time in the dehydrator with the cracked gas into the next processes，and larege flow resistance due to baffle plate. This study designed a new freezing dehydrator in order to avoid the above defeats. Compared with traditional freezing dehydrator，this design adopted variable cross-section enhanced heat transfer tube instead of smooth tube. The tube-side fluid was able to produce strong turbulence and destroy the boundary layer effectively because of spiral flow in twist segment，which could improve the heat transfer efficiency. Water in TFE cracking gas would be quickly frozen and thrown to tube wall turning into ice by centrifugal force. Shell-side using twist tube self-supporting structure could help decrease the shell-side pressure-drop and saves materials. Based on monitoring data in one case，freeze dehydration effect was 30% higher than the original heat exchanger.

Using the numerical simulation of end to end tube-and-shell heat exchangers with trisection helical baffles with 35°inclined angle, this research demonstrated the distribution of the flow field and streamline on the typical sections of fluid in the shell side channel, as well as the distribution of flow and heat transfer parameters of typical straight lines on the typical sections. The results showed that the approximate spiral channel composed by helical baffles impelled the Dean vortex secondary flow formed by the combined effect of centrifugal and centripetal force, and the Dean vortex secondary flow existed in each spiral cycle. the secondary flow enhanced the mixing of fluid in mainstream region and fluid near the wall, resulting a larger axial velocity of the centerline and the outer edge straight line on the typical sections. Other than the mainstream center region, the shell side fluid had uniform turbulent kinetic energy in the role of secondary flow. The heat transfer coefficient on the concentric cylindrical surface differed little in the secondary flow region，however, heat transfer can be enhanced due to the fact that the secondary flow was continuously entraining the fluid of the adjacent areas.

Polyynes was obtained through dehydrochlorination of chlorinated paraffins-70 (CP-70） in an alcohol solution of sodium hydroxide. The as-prepared polyynes were analyzed and characterized with respect to chlorine content，double bond value and chain structure by using ionic spectroscopy，iodometry，and IR spectroscopy. The dechlorization reaction was favored by increasing NaOH concentration，higher temperature and longer reaction time. Moreover，the polyynes prepared at a higher temperature contained more conjugated double bonds and triple bonds.

For the application of CaSO4 oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion (CLC)，the thermodynamic of Boudouard reaction during the process of CaSO4 reduction with CO were investigated at 500—1200 ℃，at different CO concentrations (0.5%—99.0%)，CO2 concentrations (0—70%) and SO2 concentrations (0—10%). And the control method of the Boudouard reaction for less carbon deposition on oxygen carrier was discussed. The expression forms of the equilibrium constants of CaSO4 reductions and Boudouard reaction differed，and therefore，direct comparisons on the extents of the chemical reactions cannot be done. The extents of the chemical reactions of the competitive reductions of CaSO4 and the side reaction of the Boudouard reaction were analyzed based on the CO equilibrium conversions. For the suitable temperature of fuel reactor in CLC (850—1050 ℃)，higher CO concentrations favor the Boudouard reaction，while the SO2 concentrations had no effects on the extent of the Boudouard reaction. The Boudouard reaction was suppressed at higher reaction temperatures and higher CO2 concentrations. Furthermore，when the CO concentration was at 95% and the CO2 concentration in the gas reactant was above 3.7%，the Boudouard reaction was not able to be initiated.

This paper discussed the applications of paper tube heat exchanger，plate heat exchanger and scraping plate heat exchanger，in order to explore the principles and applications of steam jet device in thermal sterilization for high viscous materials. The velocity field，temperature field and stress field in different steam jet devices were analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation method. The results showed that the helical guide pillar had a big confluence on the distribution of the velocity field and temperature field in the steam injector. The velocity field and temperature field would have a better distribution when the helical guide pillar was in the center of the dilution zone. Changing the location of the spray-hole was visible to eliminate the “dead zone” in the customary steam injector. The resolving of dead zone will lead to a little increase in transporting power of pump，but the improvement of jet efficiency was more significant than the increase in transporting power of pump. The results could provide necessary theoretical steam injector structure and ejector efficiency improvement .

Research progress of several non-hydrodesulfurization technologies and processes of crude oil pre-desulfurization were reviewed. For light distillates，the non-hydrodesulfurization technologies including oxidative desulfurization，adsorptive desulfurization，solvent extraction desulfurization，extraction desulfurization and membrane separation desulfurization were introduced，and the characteristics and desulfurization effects of these non-hydrodesulfurization technologies were summarized. For crude oil，the desulfurization technologies of physical method，ultrasonic-oxidation method，electrochemical method and microorganism method were introduced. The non- hydrodesulfurization technologies with low energy consumption and mild operating conditions would be the trend of deep desulfurization，and comprehensive utilization of non-hydrodesulfurization technologies for crude oil pre-desulfurization would be an important research orientation.

In recent years，due to the lack of oil resources，the way of using lignocellulose to produce ethanol has attracted more and more attention. Wetland plants were considered as a research object. Using artificial wetland plants to produce fuel ethanol，not only can reduce the gas of harmful emissions，alleviate the lack of grain crops raw materials，but also can reduce the accumulation of wetland plants which could lead to secondary pollution. However，it is extremely difficult to produce ethanol directly from lignocellulose，due to the low rate of ethanol production，the expensive cellulase and the not well developed lignocellulose pretreatment process. This paper is to discuss the stain resistance and decontamination，appropriate allocation and multipurpose use of artificial wetland plants together with the existing problems when wetland plants are chosen. Key process was analyzed regarding the active ingredient of artificial wetland plants and other lignocellulose when fuel ethanol is produced via the pretreatment and hydrolysis effects of artificial wetland plants and other lignocellulose. The feasibility for the preparation of fuel ethanol from artificial wetland plants was discussed，and the future research development trend is prospected. At last，it can be concluded that wetland plants can replace grain crops fermentation to produce ethanol.

C5 fraction from ethylene plant contains a large number of linear unsaturated molecules and cyclopentadiene with mass fraction of more than 16%. A light-colored petroleum resin can be obtained from reaction of C5 fraction using BF3 as catalyst. Cyclopentadiene should be first removed when its concentration is high，so the softening point of the resin would not be too high. Using ethylene plant by-product C5 fraction as raw material，the effect of BF3 and AlCl3 mass ratio，catalyst amount，reaction temperature on C5 petroleum resin softening point and yield was investigated. The optimal catalytic activity was attained through mass ratio of boron trifluoride to anhydrous aluminium trichloride 7∶3，mass ratio of catalyst to total raw material 2%，reaction temperature 40 ℃ for 4 h. Under optimal conditions mass yield was 56.6%，chromaticity was 6—7，softening point was 101 ℃. The light-colored C5 petroleum resin can be directly used in printing ink and rubber.

In recent years，the construction of coal-to-SNG plants is a hot focus in China，however，there is a lack of construction experience. Based on the experience on building coal-to-SNG plants，the thesis introduces 3 categories of coal-to-SNG plants：industrial users oriented，civilian users oriented，and general users oriented. The thesis briefly discusses two major contradictions on the supply chain from a coal mine to a coal-to-SNG plant to urban users：① the contradiction between the fact that coal chemical plants require safe and stable operation with full capacity，and the consumption imbalance of the urban users；and ② the inevitability of periodic shutdown of the plants and the required continuous supply of the SNG by consumers. The thesis indicates that the safe and stable supply of gas is the primary mission of the construction of coal-to-SNG plants，and the key problem is to solve or relieve the major contradictions of the supply chain. With the analysis of the elements that affect the supply chain，a new coal-to-SNG plant should be oriented definitely. Safe and stable supply of coal is the basis for the design and operation of coal-to-SNG plants. To adopt mature and reliable technology，localized equipment and multi-series facilities is conducive to the safe and stable operation of the plants and the fast elimination of failures. Design computerization and system integration should be introduced at the beginning of the general designing period. Safety and environment protection facilities and remaining materials management should not only satisfy present norms，but also take standard upgrade into consideration. In addition，it is very important to balance the relationships among stakeholders. With resources，market，environment，and policies under consideration，we should set up right principles for the construction of coal-to-SNG plants，further integrate and optimize plant-related factors，in order to avoid problems caused by blind and guideless construction.

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is an important process to convert coal，natural gas and biomass into liquid fuel，and is a promising process for resolving the shortage of petroleum. Mild hydrocracking is an effective route to upgrade the heavy waxy hydrocarbons derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction into high value fuels，such as clean，high-quality diesel and jet fuel. In this paper，the recent advances in hydrocracking Fischer-Tropsch wax are reviewed. The mechanism of hydrocracking Fischer-Tropsch wax is introduced，the modeling of hydrocracking Fischer-Tropsch wax through lump and single-event kinetics is discussed，and the catalytic system as well as influence factors of the reaction are analyzed. Reactive distillation process can improve the selectivity of hydrocracking Fischer-Tropsch wax at a high conversion rate toward diesel. Apart from research and development of more effective catalysts，the study and application of Fischer-Tropsch wax hydrocracking reactive distillation process will have significant prospect.

Three β-cyclodextrin derivatives CD-1 to CD-3 were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution of mono (6-O-toluenesulfonyl)-β-cyclodextrin in the yield of 9.93% to 17.51%. All the β-cyclodextrin derivatives were characterized by 1H NMR and ESI-MS. The β-cyclodextrin derivatives CD-1～CD-3 coordinated with Na2MoO4?2H2O，and the product was used for catalytic oxidation of thioanisole by H2O2. The yield of the reaction was influenced by reaction medium and pH of the reaction system. Asymmetric oxidation of thioanisole by Na2MoO4?2H2O was induced by β-cyclodextrin derivatives. 1H ROESY NMR characterization showed that intramolecular self-inclusion of CD-1～CD-3 was the main factor limiting the ee% values of the product. The result was verified by quantum chemistry calculation.

To find the highly-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst of oxygen electrode of the PEM unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) system，the performance of several bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen electrode including both fuel cell and water electrolysis in a single cell PEM URFC system was examined. Among the catalysts in the present study for oxygen electrode，fuel cell performance decreased in the order of Pt black＞Pt/Ru/Ir＞Pt/Ru＞Pt/IrO2～Pt/Ir＞Pt/RuO2，whereas，water electrolysis performance decreased in the order of Pt/IrO2＞Pt/RuO2＞Pt/Ir＞Pt black，showing significant performance improvement by addition of a second metal such as IrO2 to Pt black. Consequently，Pt/IrO2 had the best URFC performance and cycling stability with high round-trip efficiency of the URFC system. Therefore，Pt/IrO2 was a promising oxygen electrode of the PEM URFC system. Calcination temperature had more influence on the performance of URFC in water electrolysis mode than that of URFC in fuel cell mode. Under water electrolysis mode，the performance of electrocatalyst without calcination was higher than that of the calcined electrocatalysts when the current density was more than 600 mA/cm2.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)，as one of the most attractive research topics，offer unique advantages，such as high selectivity，predefined recognition properties，ease of preparation，low-cost production. The recent developments in the field of MIPs-based chemical sensors and sensor arrays are reviewed. The individual sensors with high selectivity，including electrochemical sensors，photochemical sensors and quality sensitive sensors are presented. Sensor arrays based on cross-reactivity of MIPs show limited application. Specifically，photochemical sensor arrays are discussed. The future development of MIPs-based sensors and sensor arrays would be guided by the understanding of imprinting process. MIPs-based sensors and sensor arrays chould show potential application in various fields，such as food analysis，drug control and environmental monitoring.

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) has both thermo- and ethanol concentration- responsive performance as a common smart material. Based on the PNIPAM polymer，the research progress of preparations of environmental stimuli-responsive smart membrane materials by using ATRP method，including thermo-responsive，dual pH-/thermo-responsive，ethanol- concentration-responsive，and some other responsive membranes，was introduced and discussed. The thermo-responsive smart membranes were PNIPAM homopolymer type grafted membranes，the thermo-/pH-responsive smart membranes were the PNIPAM and pH responsive block copolymer type grafted membranes，and the ethanol-concentration-responsive smart membranes were the PNIPAM random copolymer type grafted membranes. Other type smart membranes were the chiral recognition and ion recognition smart membranes. Based on the advantages of ATRP methods discussed in this paper and the wide application in the fields of membrane modification research，ATRP method would play an important role in environmental stimuli-responsive smart membrane preparation，and industrial application of this type of membrane.

The adsorption behavior of protein，such as the rate，amount，and the orientation and conformation variation of protein adsorption，largely depends on the chemical compositions of support surface. Regulation of the chemical composition of support surfaces is one important method to control the adsorption behavior of protein. This paper is mainly to summarize the effects of different chemical composition on protein adsorption behavior. The effects of functional groups，including hydrophobic groups (methyl and fluoride) and hydrophilic groups (hydroxyl，carboxyl and amino)，were presented. In addition，it is one commonly used method to graft polymer chains on the support surfaces. The paper is focused on the species，length，density and shapes of grafted polymer chains on the protein adsorption behavior while grafting diverse polymer chains.

Due to serious environmental pollution and resource shortage，cellulose acetate (CA)，as one of the important derivatives of cellulose with excellent processability and biodegradable performance has attracted much attention. In this paper，the applications of CA in textile，cigarette filters and membrane are introduced，and the problems of CA application are analyzed. The research progress of modified CA by different methods，such as blending nano and nano-composite technology and surface modification，are summarized. Development of an industrial modification method and preparation of renewable biodegradable materials should be the focus in the development of cellulose acetate modification.

The preparation technology，present situation of manufacture，and research progress of high purity arsenic are presented. Several preparation methods，such as liquid phase chlorination reduction，gas phase chlorination reduction，sublimation distillation，and thermal decomposition are reviewed. The characteristics，advantages and drawbacks of the methods mentioned above are analyzed. The development trend of preparation of high purity arsenic is prospected. Chlorination reduction and sublimation distillation are the main processes to prepare high purity arsenic at present，however the product is contaminated easily by residue，such as lead and antimony in the distillation process and corrosion of equipment and pollution of environment are involved in the chlorination reduction process. Thermal decomposition of As(OR)3 and arsenic sulfide hydroreduction produce no waste and are prospective in the future.

Attapulgite is an industrial mineral with the advantages of non-toxicity，large surface area and biocompatibility. It can be effectively used in traditional industries and also has potential applications in high and new technology. In this paper，the basic characteristics of attapulgite，including its composition，distribution and crystal structure are described. The research progress of attapulgite used alone or blended in inorganic-organic composites，adsorption，papermaking，electrochemistry and catalysis are reviewed. Especially，the latest applications of attapulgite as biosensors，photo- and electro-catalysts are mentioned. The advantages and existing problems of attapulgite are also summarized.The development of functional attapulgite-based products of high quality and high additional value is necessary for effective utilization of attapulgite resource.

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) scaffold and hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HAP-CS) composite scaffold mixed with chitosan were prepared using three dimensional printing (3DP) manufacturing technology. And HAP-CS scaffold was modified with Collagen TypeⅠ. Properties of the prepared scaffolds have been studied through compressive strength experiment，porosity measurement，micro morphology observation，hydrophily and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity experiment. The results demonstrated that CS could result in a 74.5% improvement of compressive strength of HAP scaffold，while the porosity of scaffold was not decreased. The hydrophily of HAP-CS scaffold modified with Collagen Type Ⅰ was significantly enhanced. ALP activity experiment results indicated that Collagen Type Ⅰ could improve the ossification ability of cell on the HAP-CS scaffold. Excellent structural properties and biological activity have been observed from the HAP-CS scaffold modified with Collagen Type Ⅰ ，which could be used for the research of bone defect repair.

Nowadays，people pay much attention to chitosan and its degradation product due to its excellent physical characteristic and biological activity. In this study，a high Chitosanase-producing bacterium Mitsuaria sp.K1 was isolated from the soil of Qingdao seacoast by primary screening of plate specula and shaking cultivation. The optimization of fermentation conditions was studied by Response Surface Methodology. The results showed that，under the optimal composition of medium (1.0%powder chitosan，0.5%KNO3，0.22%KH2PO4，0.1%Na2HPO4，0.15%KCl，0.05%MgSO4?7H2O) and the optimal cultural condition(25.2 ℃ incubating temperature，25.4 hours incubating time，initial pH6.5，3% inoculation amount，100 mL medium/500 mL flask，160 r/min)，the maximal chitosanase activity of Mitsuaria sp.K1 could reach 11.56 U/mL which was 5.32 times of primary strain. In addition，due to Mitsuaria sp.K1 with lower temperature and shorter fermentation time of chitosanase production，it has a good potential in industrial fermentation.

Biosurfactants (BS) produced by Bacillus subtilis THY-8 were extracted and identified as a blend of rhamnolipid，surfactin and fengycin，etc，by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. The blend BS remained stable when stayed at 70℃ for 5 days；and the surface tension and critical micelle concentration were 27.59 mN/m and 15 mg/L at pH5.5，respectively. When treated by BS，the liquid paraffin was emulsified into small drops in the diameter of 10—30 μm，and high recovery efficiency of crude oil from oil-sand was also obtained. Cosurfactants of BS were explored and 1-octanol was determined to be one of the optimal ones. The 1-octanol/BS complex reduced the interfacial tension of crude oil/mineralized water to 10-3 mN/m together with 3.2-fold-enhanced oil recovery efficiency. Equivalent oil washing capability was also obtained by fermentation broth with as low as 0.9 g/L BS，revealing that potential application of BS in enhanced oil recovery is promising.

A grey forecasting model was applied to the industrialization of flavomycin fermentation. The GM(1，8)，GM(1，1) and grey Verhulst forecasting models were established to predict the fed-batch fermentation process of flavomycin in 60m3 fermenter by Streptomyces bambergiensis，respectively. The average relative errors of three models were 15.322%，6.093% and 1.776%. The residual sums of square were 4.177 g2/L2，0.680 g2/L2 and 0.053 g2/L2. The result showed that grey Verhulst forecasting model could be employed to predict the industrial fermentation process of flavomycin more effectively.

Lacosamide(LCM)，a novel antagonist of the glycinebinding site on N-methyl-D-aspartate（NMDA） receptors，is mainly applied to the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. This review is to introduce recent studies on the synthesis of Lacosamide through both total synthesis and semi-synthesis methods. For the semi-synthesis method，chemical resolution or enzymatic kinetic resolution is usually adopted for producing its precursor material R-serine and its derivatives，and then the final product Lacosamide is obtained by chemical synthesis. For the total synthesis method，benzyl alcohol is used as raw material，and the final product Lacosamide is then obtained through a series of reaction：condensation，catalyzed hydrolysis，substitution，protective oxidation，de-protective condensation. Furthermore，the advantages and disadvantages of both synthesis methods are analyzed：the advantages of semi-synthesis are that reactions are easy to be reached，and the synthesis procedure is short，but its disadvantages includes expensive reaction reagent，too many side-effects，low yield and so on；while total synthesis is featured as easy raw material obtaining and low cost，long reaction procedure and low resolution yield. Therefore，the future development of Lacosamide should follow a more suitable synthesis route and adopt the revised modern synthesis techniques. Besides，to reduce the industrial cost significantly，the resource of raw material should be improved and the cost of reaction reagent should be reduced also.

Dihydromyrcol (DHMOH) is one of the most widely-used perfumes in the world，and is mainly produced by the hydration of dihydromyrcene (DHM). This paper is to introduce two main approaches to produce DHMOH from DHM，the direct hydration and the indirect hydration，and the recent researches in this field. The direct hydration becomes the main focus in recent studies for less equipment corrosion，lower equipment investment and more environment friendliness. The researches on new solvents and technology are presented to solve the problems of large solvent demand and high energy consumption in the direct hydration. Among them，ease-to-separated novel solvents，such as ionic liquid and supercritical CO2，are quite promising in the hydration of alkene. Camphene，α-pinene and other terpenes，which share similar chemical structures with DHM，follow almost the same hydration mechanism with DHM，so the researches on the hydration of dihydromyrcene can be applied to these terpenes in most cases and vice versa.

The selection and preparation of optimal component for paraffin removal additive were conducted by paraffin dissolving and resistance reducing to various oil base additives. The influence of temperature and solvent on paraffin dissolving effect was analyzed. The result shows that paraffin dissolved amount has little correlation with the solvent volume. Paraffin amount in solution should be controlled within the saturated amount. In addition，paraffin dissolving time should not be too long and the ideal time can be selected from 40 to 100min. According to the actual situation，0.5 g paraffin dissolved in 10 mL solvent and at heating temperature of 35 ℃ are appropriate. Solubilization by surface active agent has been observed on paraffin. The speed of dissolved paraffin can be improved only when surface active agent with HLB value in the range of 13 to 16 has been selected. The thermodynamic properties and phase change of paraffin were investigated by the DSC. The result shows that the effect of temperature is significant，and that the higher of paraffin melting point，the larger of phase change energy. The phase change energy is 29.28 J/g when paraffin melting point is 44.30 ℃.

p-Tolylmagnesium halide is an important raw material for synthesizing 2-cyano-4’-methyl- biphenyl (OTBN)，which is a key intermediate of the latest generation of anti-hypertensive drugs. Due to hard initiation，the cheaper chlorotoluene has not been used for synthesizing the above Grignard reagent of p-tolylmagnesium chloride. With magnesium and chlorotoluene as starting materials，p-tolylmagnesium chloride was synthesized via Grignard reaction using 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran as mixed solvent. The synthesis process of the Grignard reagent was optimized with a 95.4% yield of target product. Comparing with the cases of traditional preparation process，the technique offered a new one with lower reactor anhydration，simplified operation and raised product yield. This new technique provides a feasible route for thesynthesis of p-tolylmagnesium halide，which can significantly reduce the cost of raw material for synthesizing OTBN.

The 9,10-cyclomethylene pseudoionone was obtained through Simmons-Smith reaction using pseudoionone and halogenated hydrocarbons as raw materials. The structure of product was determined by IR，GC and GC-MS. Effects of different factors on the yield of product were investigated，including the amount and species of catalyst，and reaction temperature. The best condition was as follows：n(pseudoionone)∶n(diiodomethane)∶n(diethyl zinc) = 1∶1∶1.8，ice bath time 4.7 h，reflux time 5.2 h，ice bath temperature ?5 ℃，reaction solvent dichloromethane，and pseudoionone’s molar concentration of 0.2 mol/L，under which the yield of 9,10-cyclomethylene pseudoionone reached 76.2 %.

Construction of rubber-based composites formed by combination of solid waste and rubber is an effective approach to resource recycling，environmental protection and expansion of rubber applications. This paper reviews the progress of application of many kinds of solid waste in rubber，such as industrial waste，agriculture waste and domestic waste. Moreover，the means of promoting interfacial adhesion between waste and rubber matrix as well as the application fields of waste-rubber composites，such as automobile，construction，noise reduction，electromagnetic wave shielding，treatment of oil field waste water，and food packaging are introduced. The problem of waste application in rubber as well as the research challenges and development trend，such as selection of waste and rubber matrix，dispersibility of waste in rubber matrix，compatibility and reactivity of waste with rubber matrix are proposed.

The dry pyrolysis technology was proposed to prepare sludge-derived adsorbent based on existing problems of conventional chemical activation method. With zinc chloride as activator，the iodine value as evaluation index，the dry process was optimized by using response surface methodology，the results showed that there was significant interaction between the pyrolysis time and the pyrolysis temperature，when the pyrolysis temperature increased，the pyrolysis time can be shortened，the optimum technology parameters were obtained as follows：the pyrolysis temperature of 389.40 ℃，the pyrolysis time of 83.64 min and the concentration of zinc chloride of 21.40% (by mass). Comparative studies between conventional chemical activation method and dry pyrolysis method revealed that dry pyrolysis method needs lower pyrolysis temperature and shorter pyrolysis time than conventional chemical activation method. Under the optimum conditions，the surface area of sludge-derived adsorbent increased by 20.13%. The analysis results of sludge-derived adsorbent showed that mesoporous adsorption was dominant，the curve of BJH showed a wider pore size distribution，the peak at about 4.2nm，the BET surface area was 135.74 m2/g.

The simulated sewage wastewater was treated continuously using SBR process in order to improve the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. Effects of mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus（N/P）and sludge retention time（SRT）on simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal were investigated by using anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor (AOA-SBR) at different temperatures. The results showed that removal efficiencies of NH4+-N，TN and TP were 78%，69% and 56%，respectively，and sludge yield (YS） was 0.339 kgSS/(kgBOD5)，and phosphorus content in the sludge was 4.68% under the condition of N/P of 2－3 and SRT of 20d at 10 ℃. The removal efficiencies of a NH4+-N，TN and TP weer 80%，66% and 73%，respectively and sludge yield (YS) was 0.225 kgSS/(kgBOD5)，and phosphorus content in the sludge was 7.42% under the condition of N/P of 5－7 and sludge age of 10d at 35 ℃. The removal efficiencies of NH4+-N，TN and TP were 88%，83% and 91%，respectively and sludge yield) (YS)was 0.253 kgSS/(kgBOD5)，and phosphorus content in the sludge was 6.35% under the condition of N/P of 5－7 and SRT of 15d at 25 ℃. Sludge yield was reduced with the increasing temperature and SRT，and sludge reduction can be realized by adjusting the temperature and SRT.

A generalized calculation formula for the desorption energy consumption was derived and described in detail based on the mass conservation，the energy conservation and the desorption process analysis. Based on the node parameters of the 1 Mt/a CO2 capture capacity，the energy consumptions of the desorption process were analyzed and calculated with the results calculated from equations given by Leites，Yan Shuiping and Wang Haibo. The derived formula in this paper was suitable for energy consumption calculations after process design and at run time. The equations given by Leites，Yan Shuiping and Wang Haibo can be used to estimate the desorption energy consumption before the design for the capture process. If the values of the circulation ratio and the specific heat capacity were accurate，the equation given by Yan Shuiping was practical and accurate. Finally，corresponding measures were presented to reduce the desorption energy consumption according to the calculation formula，even though the absorbent concentration，the regeneration degree of the enriched absorbent and the heat exchanger performance were fixed.

In order to achieve the efficient degradation of nitro aromatic organic pollutants，a series of titanium based tin anodes were prepared in the treatment of simulated nitro phenol wastewater. Sb and La were selected as promoters in the electrode coating，and the degradation effects of different electrode materials were reviewed. The micrographs and structures of the electrodes were characterized by SEM and XRD. Element composition of electrode coating was determined by EDS. The effects of electrode surface properties on electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants were analyzed. The mechanism of improvement on the electrochemical performance of electrode materials by element doping was studied，and the optimal doping ratio of elements was determined. The effects of electrolytic parameters on p-nitrophenol degradation were also investigated. The influences of electric field on the electrochemical degradation of wastewater were analyzed The results showed that the electrocatalytic performance of the electrode doped with Sb and La was superior for the treatment of p-NP wastewater. Under the optimum electrolysis conditions with electrolysis voltage 12 V，plates distance 25 mm，pH7，electrolyte concentration 0.5 mol/L，the degradation rate of nitro phenol could reach 92.8% after 120 min.

The reciprocating rotary tubular ceramic membrane filtration system could create high shear rate at the membrane surface repeatedly by rotating membrane module in a reciprocating motion to reduce membrane fouling. Compared with the unidirectional rotating filtration and dead-end filtration under the same conditions，the reciprocating rotary filtration system showed superiority in reducing membrane fouling. This research designed ultrafiltration skim milk solution tests to investigate the influence of operating parameters. The results revealed that feed concentration increase could lead to the decrease of membrane permeate flux，and membrane flux could be reduced once the TMP was too high. The increase of rotating speed could induce the increase of shear enhancement and the membrane permeate flux. As the reciprocating rotating cycle increased，the quasi steady membrane permeate flux firstly increases before it decreased. When the feed fluid velocity was at the membrane module velocity，the membrane module being rotated in opposite direction instantaneously generated the largest shear rate on the membrane surface and gained the largest permeate flux. The specific energy consumption per m3 permeate of the reciprocating rotary filtration system was lower than the unidirectional rotating filtration.

Adhesion of marine organisms，low flow rates and other factors directly affected the seawater plate heat exchanger effectiveness. This research focused on investigation of microbial fouling characteristics seawater plate heat exchanger. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were isolated by enrichment culture and attached to the seawater plate heat exchanger. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal resistance test bench were used to analyze the formation，growth and heat transfer characteristics of adherent fouling layer under different velocities. The comparative experiments of fouling resistance in the low flow rates under ocean current environment were accomplished. The results showed that the features and characteristics of the formation of fouling were different in different periods. Spectral analysis demonstrated that the main elements were C，H，O and Ca. The microbial fouling was composed of various organic matters and suspended particles. After the induction period，the fouling resistance agreed with the gradual fouling growth model. The fouling thermal resistance increased with the increase of flow velocities under low flow rates less than 1 m/s.

Along with the energy crisis and environmental pollution，the demand for renewable energy is increasingly obvious. As a renewable energy source，ethanol fuel is gradually developed with the support of national policy. Ethanol fuel enterprises in China are facing problems on how to cultivate the core competitiveness，to overcome technical bottlenecks，and to seize the R&D market. The article is aimed to review the policies in the field of ethanol fuel，to analyze the patents in related enterprises，and to further provide research data for policy formulation and enterprise development.