Microfluidic technology is an efficient tool to control micro-scale phase interfaces precisely；therefore it is an important novel approach for design，preparation，and performance regulation and control of new functional materials with controllable micro-structures. In this paper，the controllable construction of two types of stable micro-scale phase interfaces with microfluidics is introduced. One type is the emulsion droplet system with enclosed liquid-liquid phase interface，and the other type is the laminar flow system with non-enclosed layered and annular liquid-liquid phase interface. The progress of preparation of three categories of functional materials with these two types of microfluidics-generated stable phase interface architectures as templates is reviewed，including fabrication of microspheres and microcapsules with emulsion droplets as templates，preparation of membranes in microchannels with layered laminar flow systems as templates，and synthesis of microfiber materials with annular laminar flow systems as templates. Microfluidic technology brings new opportunities for the realization of small-scale features and multi-functions of functional materials，ultra-thin membranes and ultra-fine fibers，and integration of materials and components. In the future，further in-depth and systematic understanding of design and regulation of the liquid-liquid phase interfaces as well as the regularities and mechanisms in the synthesis processes of functional materials should be emphasized.

The skin of domestic animals is conventionally used as raw material in leather industry. Animal skin is mainly composed of collagen fiber that is a kind of natural polymer material with distinctive physical and chemical properties. In consideration of characteristics of collagen fiber，researchers have reported preparation of functional materials on the basis of collagen fiber. This paper introduces the collagen fiber-based materials，which can be used for adsorption and separation of natural products，heavy metal ions，inorganic anions，proteins and microorganisms，including their preparation methods and mechanisms，as well as their performance in uses. These novel adsorption and separation materials may be practically useful for related technologies，such as environment protection，natural products purification and protein separation. Collagen fiber is a valuable basic material for creating advanced functional materials，in addition to its utilization as raw material in some traditional industries.

As one of the third-generation of anaerobic bioreactors，anaerobic internal circulation （IC） bioreactor has as advantages in high volume efficiency，energy saving，small floor area and high height/diameter ratio. It has become an important technology in high concentration organic wastewater treatment in recent years. This paper introduced the configuration principle and hydraulic characteristics of IC reactor. The configuration of IC reactor is equivalent to two of up flow anaerobic sludge blanket（UASB） series，with internal circulation. The hydraulic characteristics include two important parameters as up-flow velocity and system pressure drop. The start-up，substrates inhibition characteristic，and applications of IC reactor was overviewed. The prospect of IC reactor to treat livestock wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen was analyzed. The optimization orientation of IC reactor’s configuration and process was also discussed.

Because of its simple structure，low cost，good flexibility，excellent heat transfer performance，easy for microminiaturization，the flat-plate pulsating heat pipe （FP-PHP） is more competitive as cooling system for small devices. However，the effective design technique has not been developed for industry applications. This paper introduced the principle and characteristic of PHP，and reviewed the significant achievements on FP-PHP in recent years. The investigations on heat transfer performance were summarized based on hydraulic diameter，flow pattern and oscillating characteristic inside PHP，the effects of main parameters，and the ways to further improve the heat transfer performances. The studies on start-up characteristic were summarized，including start-up conditions，the relationship between temperature and time during start-up period，and the theoretical analysis. The available conclusions on the mechanism of heat transfer limit were given，and the advances in the applications of FP-PHP were described briefly. Finally，the key problems that have not been solved were discussed，especially the importance of the research on start-up conditions，in order to take the advantage of microminiaturization of FP-PHP.

The single-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle system with single refrigerant is the most sophisticated technology，but low efficiency at lower temperature zone （?40℃） limits its applications. The mixed throttle refrigerator is able to adapt to different temperature zones，especially deep hypothermia district . This paper introduced the principles and characteristics of azeotropic，near azeotropic and non-azeotropic mixture refrigerants. Previous studies found that azeotropic and near azeotropic mixture refrigerants are similar to the single working fluid. Single-stage compression chiller with multiple working fluids relies on non-azeotropic refrigerant’s characteristics to achieve deep cooling. The studies of a mixed refrigerants Linde cycle system’s（LHR）the development history and current situation were introduced. This paper also introduced the characteristics and selection principles of the lubricant in cryogenic systems which combining the mixed refrigerant Linde cycle system experiment. Improvement measures such as increasing air-cooled pre-cooler，regenerator foamed and optimized aspects of the system were proposed

This paper presented a simple and reliable device system for the measurement of heat transfer coefficient between the immersed tube’s surface and particles in an indirect heating tube rotary dryer，based on analysis of heat transfer process in a tube rotary dryer. A mathematical model to derive heat transfer coefficient from the measured parameters was developed based on the unsteady heat transfer performance. Periodical instantaneous heat transfer coefficient between tube’s surface and particles was observed as the tube rotating with the cylinder. Low heat transfer coefficient was observed at the high position when the tube was immersed in the particle phase. Analysis of error transfer showed that the accuracy of heat transfer coefficient was sensitive to the measurement accuracy of tube surface area，tube’s surface temperature increasing ratio，electric current，temperatures of tube surface and materials. Test results also demonstrated that under the common six operating conditions in this paper，the developed measuring approach yielded high accuracy of heat transfer coefficient with relative error less than 3.5%，and the total measurement error was mainly composed of the error of tube’s surface temperature increasing ratio.

This research applied the heat pipe technology in the highly exothermic agitated reactor and replaced the rectangle baffles were with elliptical heat pipes. A new structural heat pipe agitated vessel was designed based on the amide reaction in the production of the saccharin sodium. Using Fluent module in ANSYS the User Defined Function（UDF） was obtained to express the actual heat dissipation of the reacted liquids. Numerical simulation analyzed three structure parameters and the rotor speed comprehensively，in order to evaluate the effects of these factors on the optimal temperature duration time，mixing uniformity time and other performance parameters. The results showed that the rotor speed had considerably great impacts on the performance parameters of the stirred tank. The installing angle of the stirrer had the greatest impacts on the optimal temperature duration time； the distance between the lower blade and the reactor bottom had greatest impacts on the mixing uniformity time. The impacts of each factor on the stirrer performances were also analyzed through the numerical simulation. The optimal conditions were：135mm for the distance between the heat pipe center line and the reactor wall，340mm for the distance between the lower blade and the reactor bottom，0° for the installing angle of the stirrer, and 240r/min for the rotor speed.

Most studies on organic Rankine cycle (ORC) mainly focused on the thermodynamic properties of working medium. Pinch analysis method used commonly may lead to different evaluation criteria in different medium. This paper preselected fluids by their properties in the consideration of environment protection，safety and stability to solve the problems mentioned above. Fourteen types of working fluids were selected and screened by the thermodynamic and economic properties，and the optimal working fluid was obtained using Matlab and Refprop simulation. The working substance evaluation standards were unified according to the properties of unit power required for UA and mass flow rate. The results showed that most alkane substances had higher thermal efficiency，compression ratio and lower mass flow. The cyclohexane was an ideal circulating working fluid with higher thermal efficiency，lower mass flow rate and appropriate pressure ratio in the low temperature waste heat system.

The conductivity of polypyrrole（PPy）will be greatly improved by doping. In addition，doping with various protonic acids may have a positive impact on the adsorption of PPy with the protonic acid doping mechanism. PPy doped with various acids（HCl，HNO3，H2SO4） and undoped PPy were synthesized by chemical polymerization. The structure and characteristics of the prepared samples were tested by scanning electron microscopy （SEM），Fourier transform infrared spectrum （FT-IR），specific surface area analysis （BET） and Zeta potential analysis. Then，the effects on the adsorption of Acid Red G onto the samples were studied. Kinetic experiments were conducted at suitable pH. The adsorption process followed the pseudo second-order kinetic equation. Also at this pH，thermodynamic experiments were conducted and data fitting indicated that the adsorption process tended to obey the Langmuir isotherm，with linear correlation coefficients more than 0.99. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that Acid Red G adsorption onto the samples was an endothermic entropy-driven spontaneous process.

This paper investigated the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of diluted heavy crude insulated WK pipeline，and calculated the safe flow rate ranges. Results showed：①Unsteady working zones，which demonstrate sharp increases in pressure losses with decreased flow rates，occurred to the hot diluted heavy crude pipeline. ②With increasing dilution ratios，the unsteady zones moved to smaller flow rates，and hence safe working zones of the pipeline were enlarged. ③The maximum throughputs of WK pipeline did not increase monotonously with dilution ratios or/and its inlet temperatures，and its maximum pipelining capacities took place at certain dilution ratios and inlet temperatures. ④The total pressure drops of WK pipeline were considerably affected by dilution ratios and flow rates，but not by seasons. ⑤Flow rates had significant impacts on the total temperature drops of WK pipeline，but dilution ratios and seasons did not have such impacts. ⑥With regard to the same dilution ratios and inlet temperatures，the outlet temperatures，critical flow rates and the maximum throughputs of the pipeline differed little in different seasons.

By using CFD software Fluent，a numerical simulation was carried out to study the combustion behavior and NOx emission of a xylene tower in gas-oil burner. The problem of high NOx emission was analyzed and a novel low NOx staged-fuel burner structure was brought up. Based on the new burner structure，orthogonal simulations were conducted to study the influences of operating parameters (including air preheated temperature Tair, excess air factor α, and primary fuel gas mass ratio Rp) on the radiation surface heat flux （RSHF），radiation section outlet temperature （RSOT），flame height and volume fraction of NOx. Simulation results of the in-service burners showed good agreement with site running data，suggesting good prediction of the chosen models for the internal flow，radiation，combustion and NOx formation. Simulation results of the new burner showed that higher air preheated temperature could increase the radiative heat flux while also aggravating the NOx emission；excess air factor could enlarge the radiative heat flux and reduce NOx emission；varied primary fuel gas mass ratio made no obvious differences on both radiative heat flux and NOx emission. It was concluded that air preheated temperature of 220℃，excess air ratio of 1.05 and primary gas ratio of 0.24 were the optimal operating conditions，under which radiative heat flux was 37.45kW/m2 while NOx emission simulated to be 12.1μL/L.

Emulsion liquid membrane system containing mobile carrier is widely applied in separation and preconcentration of trace substances in solution. In this paper，the separation performance for fluoride was studied by the emulsion liquid membrane. Established stable conditions of the emulsion liquid membrane were as follows：the volume ratio of T-154 to liquid paraffin to kerosene was 3∶2∶95，the mass concentration of Al2(SO4)3 used as the internal phase was 3%，and the ratio of oil phase to internal phase was 1∶0.6. The separation conditions including the ratio of emulsion to external phase，the value of pH，stirring speed and enrichment time were investigated. The fluoride in the environmental water was determined with the prepared emulsion. The results showed that the recovery of standard addition was 96%—103%，the relative standard deviation was 2.0%—4.8%. The method of separation and preconcentration of fluoride had the advantages of simple operation，low-cost and high efficiency.

This paper focused on the design of tapered tube，converging diverging tube，spiral tube and the four-hole tube for gas-liquid two-phase flow mixing top-blowing experiments. The variations of flow patterns in the pipe of turbulent-spray gun were obtained. The experiment investigated the high-speed photography through the two-phase mixture of gas-liquid in the visualized special nozzle，the adjustment of volume flow in each phase，and visualization of the special flow patterns in different nozzles. The experimental results showed that the following：the flow pattern transition changed regularly with the changes in superficial gas velocity and superficial liquid velocity in all tubes except for the tapered tube；With the great change in section radius in the converging diverging tube，annular-churn flow could be easily produced，and typical bubble flow could also exist；under the influences of the axial velocity，spiral tube could have a high density of bubble flow pattern and annular flow and slug flow for a short period of time，and then form steady annular flow；the design of four-hole pipe was beneficial to two-phase flow of diesel-nitrogen mixture in metallurgical furnaces，the single bubble formed in this type of tube was smaller in diameter，resulting sufficiently scattered diesel fuel，the reduction reaction of slag layer was therefore more efficient with higher，reaction rate of magnetic iron in diesel.

A novel rotating packed bed (RPB) with the rotor consisting of nested packing rings is a new efficient apparatus for intensifying the gas-film controlled mass transfer process，and is used in the processes of absorption，distillation and purification for low concentration of industrial gas，which are controlled by gas-film mass transfer resistance. The mass transfer characteristics of the novel RPB were studied experimentally，interfacial area （a） was determined by chemical absorption with CO2-NaOH system and gas volumetric mass-transfer coefficient （kya） was measured by physical absorption with NH3-H2O system under different gas flux，liquid-gas ratio and super gravity factor conditions，and gas mass-transfer coefficient （ky） was obtained. The results showed that a，kya and ky increased with the increase of gas flux，liquid-gas ratio and super gravity factor. The kya of the novel RPB was two times higher compared to that of a conventional rotating packed bed under the same operational conditions. Based on the experimental data，the empirical equations of a，kya and ky were developed.

In this study，the chemical structure of Huadian oil shale and its pyrolysis solid residues were investigated using the solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy. The typical organic components of shale oil and gas were also analyzed. By fitting 13C NMR spectra，a series of chemical structural parameters were derived，including aromatic carbon rate fa，fat rate of carbon fal，Cn，etc，and the variation characteristics of those structural parameters were discussed. A part of methylene group was transformed into gas or condensed to the aromatic ring before they transformed into oil. Moreover，the aromatic ring was condensed continuously during pyrolysis of oil shale. The potential yields of semi-coke and gas were proportional with fa and fal. The potential yield of the shale oil was related to methylene group rate directly.

Thermo-catalytic decomposition of methane is an effective way to produce hydrogen-rich gas. Activated carbon as an economic and efficient catalyst had been widely studied. In this paper，the mechanism of methane decomposition on activated carbon is elaborated. The activated carbon as catalysts is discussed in terms of surface physical and chemical properties，reaction conditions，pre-treatment method，different heating methods，and different forms of reactor. The origin of deactivation and the methods of regeneration are discussed in detail. The preparation and pre-treatment of activated carbon，the control of reaction conditions，and the rapidly deactivation of activated carbon shall be main focus for activated carbon in future application.

Molecular sieves/SiC composites have been extensively investigated because of its easy loading active constituent，better heat and mass transfer performance. One-step synthesis and secondary growth methods of molecular sieves/SiC composites are summarized regarding their objective composites. Recent advances of molecular sieves/SiC catalyst or catalyst carriers in some strong exothermic reactions are reviewed，such as methanol to dimethyl ether，methanol to olefins，and acylation reactions and so on. To optimize the preparation process and conditions，and to investigate the reason for excellent heat transfer performance are keys to develop molecular sieve/SiC catalysts or catalysts carrier with good industrial application.

To obtain light-colored C5 petroleum resin，C5 petroleum resin was catalytically hydrogenated in a fixed-bed hydrogenation micro reactor. The C5 petroleum resin hydrogenation process was studied. Several hydrogenation catalysts were prepared and compared. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption （BET），scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and differential thermal analyzer （DTA-TG）. The petroleum resin and hydrogenated petroleum resin were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. The high softening point and light-colored C5 petroleum resin was obtained under the condition of Ni multi-metal catalyst C5JH-3，raw resin concentration of 20%，temperature of 220—240℃，pressure of 3.5MPa，space velocity of 0.5h?1，and hydrogen to oil ratio of 600∶1.

Biocatalytic synthesis of chiral Duloxetine and its intermediate is one of the greatest technologies due to its high chemo-，regio- and stereo-selectivity；while the amount of available biocatalyst is yet limited and the conversion efficiency needs to be improved. In recent years，the availability of microbial genome sequences allows scientists to discover novel enzymes with potential applications. Based on the genome sequence of Candida parapsilosis，eight aldo-keto reductases were discovered and evaluated for the synthesis of N,N-dimethyl-3-keto-3-(2-thienyl)-1- propanamine (DKTP). Among them，CPAR4 showed higher catalytic ability for asymmetric reduction of N,N-dimethyl-3-keto-3-(2-thienyl)-1-propanamine (DKTP) to (S)-N,N-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-3-(2-thienyl)- 1-propanamine (DHTP)，a key intermediate of chiral Duloxetine. Then the biomediated reaction conditions using the cell-free system involving the expressed CPAR4 were optimized and (S)-DHTP (>99.9%ee) was produced with the yield of 94.5% at the initial substrate concentration of 3g/L，and even when the substrate concentration was increased to 5g/L，the enantiopure product can also be obtained with the yield over 70%. Therefore，the newly identified enzyme and its cell-free system would be promising for highly stereo specific bioreduction of prochiral pharmaceutical intermediates.

Sugar cane bagasse（SCB）grafting technology has attracted increasing attention by researchers，because SCB is an important kind of plant fiber and belongs to renewable resources. The SCB’s structure，physical and chemical properties as well as grafting mechanism are described，and the influence of pretreatment，monomer，solvent，initiation mode on SCB grafting is analyzed. Pretreatment destroys SCB’s supramolecular structures，improving the reactivity of SCB. General solvent cannot destroy SCB’s multiphase structure，therefore grafting only occur on the surface of SCB，but cellulose solvents and some binary solvents can dissolve SCB and make grafting occur at molecular level. Initiator concentration has an optimal range for the increase of grafting rate. The amount of grafting monomer affects grafting rate directly. SCB grafting polymer can be used as ion exchanger，heavy metal ion adsorbent，oil-absorptive materials，water absorbing & holding materials. Future research directions are proposed. SCB grafting polymerization should have higher percentage of grafting and be more stable，and grafting technology should be environmentally friendly and low-cost.

Mesoporous silicas have been widely used in the field of adsorption-separation because of their large surface areas，pore volume，diameters，and highly ordered pore structure. In this paper，the modification methods of mesoporous silicas，including incorporation，impregnation，and the synthesis of silica-based mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid materials，are reviewed. Recent studies on the application of mesoporous silicas in the adsorptive desulfurization of fuel，natural gas，coal gas，H2S，and SO2 are summarized. Meanwhile，the outlook on the modification of mesoporous silicas is proposed. The synthesis of new silica-based mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid materials and their applications in adsorption areas are in the primary trend.

Ionothermal synthesis is a new method for the preparation of metal-organic framework materials with novel topologies in past decades. The recent developments in the ionothermal synthesis of metal-organic frameworks are reviewed. Various methods of ionothermal synthesis were introduced and the influences of ionic liquid on frame structure，as well as the synthesis of chiral metal-organic frameworks under ionothermal condition，were discussed in detail. Moreover，the advantages and shortcomings of ionothermal synthesis were analyzed and compared with traditional hydrothermal/ solvothermal synthesis，especially the structural differences of several classical metal-organic frameworks obtained from hydrothermal/solvothermal or ionothermal methods were compared. It was pointed out that the mechanism of the ionic liquids influencing the structures of the metal-organic frameworks needs further investigation.

The common group of photo-responsive moieties was introduced in this paper. According to the block copolymer structure and the particularity of photo-responsive moieties，the photo-responsive block copolymer micelles (BCPM) were divided into four kinds，which are side chain change，main chain rupture，main chain degradation，and hydrophobic cross-linking. In addition，the characteristics of these BCPM and the light stimuli structure changes of these micelles were reviewed. Particular attention is paid to light-dependent drug loading process and drug release behavior for drug delivery. Through further structure optimization and research，some photo-responsive BCPM is expected to develop into a new type of drug targeting delivery system，because of its excellent structure controllability and stimulus response ability.

This article is aimed to summarize the latest worldwide research progress of polyurethane/ inorganic nanomaterial composites. The preparation methods，characteristics and analysis of major systems，including polyurethane/CNTs，polyurethane/graphene，polyurethane/nano-oxides and polyurethane/layered silicates were introduced respectively. The research trends of polyurethane/ nano-composite materials were also presented，i.e.，to further research preparation methods to make inorganic nanomaterial better nano-level dispersed in polyurethane base，to make the theoretical studies on microscopic interface and reaction mechanism of composite materials more in-depth，to further extend the optional types of inorganic nanomaterials，to develop the research fields of multiple composite system with excellent overall performance，and to simplify the complex system synthesis methods，so as to reduce production costs and accelerate the industrialization process of polyurethane composites.

E-44/EP-1 epoxy adhesive under long-term loading will generate creep deformation，and problem caused by creep deformation should be considered in engineering applications. Creep tests under constant loading of epoxy adhesive were conducted in this work，in which stresses were 5MPa，10MPa，15MPa and 17.5MPa，room temperature and hygrothermal environment were assumed. At the same time，the creep behavior under different conditions was simulated by using ABAQUS. Based on comparison，it was found that the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results at room temperature and hygrothermal environment.

At present，methods for preparing ordered mesoporous carbon are usually complicate and time-consuming，in order to simplify the preparation process and shorten the experimental procedure，a method is proposed for directly preparing ordered mesoporous carbon without additional solvent. Ordered mesoporous carbon frameworks with two-dimensional hexagonal structure have been synthesized without extra solvent，by using triblock copolymer F127 as template and homemade low molecular weight phenolic resin as carbon precursor. The interaction between phenolic resin and F127 was measured by infrared spectroscopy；the structures of ordered mesoporous carbons were characterized by X-ray diffraction，transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. The effects of temperature on PF resin synthesis and template content on pore structures of ordered mesoporous carbons were investigated. The results show that the micropore surface areas，the pore volutnes and the pore size of the mesoporous carbon are 490m2/g、0.41cm3/g and 4.15nm respectively，when phenolic resin was synthesized at 70℃ and the mass ratio of F127 to phenolic resin is 1∶1.

Chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel was prepared using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent（chitosan 15g/L，hyaluronic acid 1g/L，glutaraldehyde 4.8g/L，reacted at room temperature for 24h） to overcome the defects of chitosan hydrogel，such as high fragility，weak viscoelasticity，and low water retentivity. Chitosan and hyaluronan were crosslinked very well within the composite hydrogel and there was no micro phase separation. The composite hydrogel had much better viscoelastic and water-retention properties than chitosan hydrogel. The water retentivity of the composite hydrogel increased with increasing content of hyaluronic acid in the hydrogel. The improvement of water retentivity was more obvious at a high temperature. The composite hydrogel could regularly swell or contract when environmental conditions（temperature，pH，etc.） changed，indicating that this composite hydrogel might be a potential smart material.

A new material，ALG-g-Lys，was used to prepare micro-beads instead of alginate to improve the stability of alginate micro-beads. The preparation process was optimized using the single factor method combined with orthogonal design. The optimized parameters were：ALG-g-Lys concentration 1.5g/L，voltage 8.0kV，advance speed 30mm/h，needle 24G，and CaCl2 concentration 15g/L. The prepared micro-beads showed even distribution and good sphericity with low trailing ratio，half sphere ratio and globule ratio. The mean particle size was 253±40μm. This work supplies a novel carrier material instead of alginate to prepare gel，showing bright future in medicine and food industries.

Magnetic illite composite was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation and its sorption behavior was investigated. Magnetic illite composite was characterized by Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR)，scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The sorption behavior of magnetic illite for Co(Ⅱ) was studied as a function of solid content，contact time，pH and temperature. The Lagrange pseudo-second order kinetic model，Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich equation were used to fit the data. The results manifested that magnetic illite composite was successfully obtained. Sorption was strongly affected by pH and temperature. The sorption of magnetic illite for Co(Ⅱ) was found to follow the Lagrange pseudo-second-order kinetic model. With respect to thermodynamics，sorption of Co(Ⅱ) increased with increasing temperature and fitted the Langmuir isotherm.

The aims of this research were to isolate a Colletotrichum lini strain with higher DHEA tolerance and conversion efficiency. We utilized C. lini ST as the original strain and investigated the best conditions of protoplast release and regeneration for strain ST. Then the protoplasts of C. lini ST were treated by plasma irradiation and a positive mutant strain ST-0317 with high DHEA concentration tolerance and good genetic stability was obtained. At DHEA concentration of 10g/L，the 7α，15α-diOH-DHEA molar yield of ST-0317 was increased to 36.9%，with an improvement of 50% compared with the original strain. These results were beneficial for producing 7α，15α-diOH-DHEA through this productive mutant.

Enantiomerically pure (R)-1-aminotetralin was prepared by dynamic kinetic resolution using a system of novel racemization catalyst combined with Novozym 435. The autocatalytic amidation reaction in the process would reduce the eeP value of the reaction. The autocatalytic amidation reaction was suppressed by changing the structure of acyl donor. The influence of acyl donor with different acid moieties and different alcohol moieties was investigated. As acyl donor became complicated，the dynamic kinetic resolution result of 1-aminotetralin could also become better. While using 4-chlorophenyl valerate as acyl donor，dynamic kinetic resolution could reach the best result with eeP value > 99% and conversion > 99%.

In this study，asymmetric hydrolysis of acetyl chloromandelic acid was catalyzed by Pseudomonas sp. ECU1011，and the S-(-)-chloromandelic acid in the resolution mixture was then racemerized using the mutated mandelate racemase and fed back into the hydrolysis reaction after acylation，realizing enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution for preparation of R-(-)-acetyl chloromandelic acid. Firstly，the conditions for enzymatic resolution，separation of resolution mixture，and enzymatic racemization were optimized. Subsequently，dynamic kinetic resolution of acetyl chloromandelic acid was conducted under the optimal conditions，obtaining optically pure R-(-)-acetyl chloromandelic acid with final yield of 80%. The conditions for enzymatic resolution，chloromandelic acid recycling and racemization were optimized in this study，leading to preliminary establishment of the dynamic kinetic resolution process for R-(-)-acetyl chloromandelic acid preparation，with guiding significance for future industrial applications.

Nicotinic acid biotransformation by immobilized Gibberella intermedia CA3-1 harboring nitrilase was investigated in this study. Chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol was found to exhibit great advantages over other composite materials，with contents of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol 1.6% and 2%，respectively. The experimental results showed that the optimal transformation conditions were as follows：initial 3-cyanopyridine concentrations of 300mmol/L，transformation temperature of 30℃ and initial pH of 7.0. The substrate could be completely converted within 60min. Immobilized cells could be reused for up to 26 batches as compared to 9 batches for free cells. And 283.5g nicotinic acid/(g dcw) was produced with 80.55% enzyme activity preserved. Its transformation capability was three times higher than that of free cells. In addition，the immobilization substantially enhanced its tolerance toward high 3-cyanopyridine concentration and improved its thermalstability. Immobilized cells could biosynthesize 191.3g nicotinic acid/(g dcw)，retaining 30% enzyme activity by 19 fed-batches.

A new prediction method of penicillin fed-batch fermentation based on kernel target alignment （KTA） and least squares support vector machines （LSSVM） was proposed to deal with input variable selection. Firstly，input variables were selected by analyzing the factors which affected penicillin concentration，then，the KTA feature rescaling method was used to rescale input variables. Finally，the simulation data from Pensim simulation platform was used to establish the LSSVM model in the penicillin fed-batch fermentation by using chaos particle swarm optimization （CPSO） on the LSSVM parameters optimization. The root mean square error （RMSE） of the proposed method was 0.0179，whereas the RMSE of LSSVM was 0.0276，showing better prediction and generalization.

Coumarin fluorogenic substrates are mainly derivatives of fluorophore，such as hydroxycoumarin and 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin or their substitution，including glycosides，carboxylic esters，phosphate，peptides and the like. This review introduces the synthesis of these substrates. Fluorophores are generally synthesized by Pechmann condensation，then their condensation with acetyl bromide sugar，acyl chloride，phosphite ester and tert-butoxy-protected amino acids generate the corresponding fluorogenic substrate，like 4-methylum belli feryl-β-D-galactopyranoside，4-methylumbelliferyl caprylate，L-alanyl-7-amino-4-methylumbelliferone and the like. The fluorescent substrates are added to the media to achieve rapid detection of microorganisms.The application of fluorogenic substrates in microbiological testing is based on specific enzyme reactions. Different fluorescent enzyme substrates correspond to different enzymes which target different microorganisms. When a single substrate can not effectively detect and identify the target microorganisms，the composite substrates can be used to improve the detection results. In addition，problems of the existing fluorogenic substrate in microbial detection are pointed out，and future directions are discussed.

UV spectrophotometry was used to determine adsorption of betaine zwitterionic surfactant on three types of sandstone surface. Adsorption isotherms with betaine zwitterionic surfactant under Shengli reservoir were studied，and enthalpies of adsorption were calculated. Adsorption of betaine zwitterionic surfactant on the surface of quartz sand，net sand and oil sand was studied in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics. Adsorption of betaine zwitterionic surfactant obeyed the Langmuir equation with adsorption amount：quartz sand> net sand> oil sand. Enthalpy change at 60～70℃ was less than enthalpy change at 70～80℃，becoming smaller with increasing temperature. The kinetic results showed that change of adsorption capacity with time could be described by the Elovich equation.

A novel twin-head surfactant，N,N-bis[3-(dimethylsulfopropylammonio)-propyl)] palmitylamide，was synthesized using palmitic acid，tetramethyldipropylenetriamine and 1,3-propane sultone as starting materials. The structure of this sulfobetaine surfactant was confirmed by FT-IR and ESI-MS spectrum，and surface chemical properties of the product were measured. The lowest surface tension was 50.1mN/m，and critical micelle concentration was 1.78×10?4mol/L at 25℃. At the concentration was greater than cmc，the distribution coefficient of nitrobenzene in this product micellar phase lgKmc was 3.12；calcium soap dispersing index LSDR of this surfactant was 4%；stability level of resistance to hard water of this surfactant was 5.

In this work，the synthesis procedure of sodium 2,3-butanedione mono-oximate was monitored by IR-online. According to the change of characteristic IR spectra of 2-butanone (1719cm?1)，2,3-butanedione mono-oxime (1693cm?1，3249cm?1)，ethanol(1026cm?1) and sodium 2,3-butanedione mono-oximate(1643cm?1)，the changes of all components’ concentration in the solution was investigated and the reaction procedure was understood. The end point of the synthesis reaction could be determined simply and rapidly by IR-online，therefore the reaction procedure could be controlled by this method.

Anaerobic treatment process is the most competitive technology in sulphate organic wastewater treatment，and anaerobic granular sludge is the core of this process. The research of characteristics of anaerobic granular sludge is important to increase treatment efficiency in anaerobic sulphate organic wastewater treatment. This paper reviewed the up-to-date research on anaerobic granular sludge of sulphate organic wastewater treatment on an international scale. The main contents included the physico-chemical characteristics of anaerobic granular sludge （morphology and size，pores and channels，settling rate，extracellular precipitates etc.） and biological characteristics of anaerobic granular sludge （biological activity，morphology，composition and distribution of microbiology）. Some problems in the related research were also analyzed. Future research shall focus on the inhibition mechanism， surface secretion removal and precipitates of granular sludge，and improving biological activity of granular sludge.

The increasing usage of antibiotics was a result of dependence of human beings, livestock and poultry breeding industries. Antibiotics could be a threat to human health and ecological environment due to their persistence in the environment. Currently，the removal efficiency of antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants is low, resulting in antibiotic pollution in water bodies. This study reviewed current researches of constructed wetlands, soil aquifer treatment, ultrasound treatment, enhanced activated sludge treatment and low temperature plasma technology in treating antibiotics wastewater, and pointed out the deficiencies of traditional treatments and new processes. It was found that combined treatments, such as hybrid constructed wetlands and ultrasound combined with other processes were effective and would become a hotspot in future research. The removal mechanisms of different treatment processes and the recycling of materials should be also considered in further study.

This paper is aimed to briefly introduce basic process and method for the separation and recovery of palladium from waste catalyst，to point out that the multicomponent spent palladium catalysts have high recovery value，but there are so many components that its separation is very difficult. For multicomponent spent palladium catalyst，the separation techniques of palladium from precious metals gold，silver，platinum，rhodium，etc.，as well as from non-precious metals copper，cobalt，nickel，iron and other are briefly described and evaluated. The results show that chemical precipitation，solvent extraction，reduction，and displacement are commonly used methods for recycling multicomponent spent palladium catalyst. The chemical precipitation method is the most used method，but limited by long recycling cycle，complex process，and high cost；and solvent extraction method has good separation effect and simple process，becoming the most promising method. Therefore，a new extraction technology with high selectivity，pollution free and suitable for large-scale industrialization shall be focused in future development.

Rice husk was used in the investigation of the efficiency of sequencing batch reactor （SBR） with rice husk processing rural domestic sewage waste water，and it’s the adsorption properties of rice husk were studied. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of SBR on organic matter and ammonia nitrogen were good. When the average concentration of influent organic matter and ammonia nitrogen were 530.77mg/L and 35.32mg/L，the removal rates were 90.46% and 95.64%，respectively，and showed a good property of simultaneous nitrification – denitrification. Within a short period of time，rice husk showed release property on organic matter in artificial waste，and adsorption property on ammonia nitrogen. In contrast，rice husk showed release property on organic matter in actual sewage and partial adsorption property，and release property on ammonia nitrogen. The results of immersion test for long time showed that rice husk immersed in deionized water would increase the concentration of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen；the adsorption of rice husk on organic matter was weak；biological action was the main reason of SBR on pollutant removal with rice husk as carrier；and the adsorption effect of rice husk was little.

The compound flocculants for waste hydraulic oil were obtained by blending triethylene tetramine （TETA） and potassium hydroxide （KOH）. Under the same reactive condition，the results of comparative test demonstrated that compound flocculants TETA-KOH were more effective than either sole inorganic or sole organic flocculants. Two distinct layers were observed in the flocculation experiment of the compound flocculants. The conditions of optimal decolorization were at flocculants dosage of 6%，reaction temperature of 50℃，stirring speed of 800r/min，constant temperature of 60℃，and settling time of 12 hours. Under the above conditions，decolorization efficiency of waste hydraulic oil was 94.76%，sectional index of regenerated oil met or exceeded the technical standards of base oil MVI W-300 and the recovery of waste hydraulic oil reached 83.5%. The analysis of the decolorization showed that the flocculating effects were enhanced with the formation of hydrogen bond，charge neutralization and bridge between flocculants and colored colloid.

Water-assisted solvent extraction processes （WASEPs） were developed by introducing a water layer between the oil sands and solvent to extract bitumen. The function of the introduced water layer in the WASEPs is to effectively reduce the fine solids content in the solvent phase and make it easy to separate bitumen solution from solids. Effects of the solvent type on bitumen recovery were investigated and the extraction conditions were optimized. The results showed that bitumen recovery was closely related to the solvent compositions and chemical structure. The optimal extraction condition was stirring at 50℃ for 25 minutes using a ratio of oil sands to solvent at 1∶1（wt/wt）. The reason of different extraction abilities for various solvents was revealed by analyzing the component of extracted bitumen. It may be useful to guide the solvent extraction processes and solvent selection.

Aiming at lower removal rate of acrylonitrile in wastewater by air stripping at ambient temperature，it was proposed that high gravity technology enhanced the air stripping process for treatment of acrylonitrile wastewater. The effects of high gravity factor，gas-liquid ratio and initial concentration of acrylonitrile wastewater on removal rate of acrylonitrile were studied and the high gravity single-stage air stripping optimum operating conditions were determined. The removal rate was compared with those of traditional air stripping and stirring methods. Three-stage air stripping removal rate was investigated. Under the operational conditions：high gravity factor of 50，gas-liquid ratio of 1300 at ambient temperature and pressure，initial concentration of acrylonitrile wastewater of (3000± 100)mg/L，the single-stage air stripping removal rate of acrylonitrile was 69.1%，1.6 times and 12 times higher compared with traditional air stripping and stirring methods respectively. Three-stage air stripping removing rate of acrylonitrile was 97.1%. With good economic benefits and prospects，the gas-liquid mass transfer process was enhanced and the target of efficient removal of acrylonitrile in waste water was achieved by high gravity air stripping technology.

The proprietary GARDES technology was applied in seven sets of newly-built FCC gasoline hydrogenation unit by PetroChina for gasoline upgrading. The unit at Daqing Petrochemical is the biggest. Industrial application of the GARDES technology in 1.3Mt/year FCC gasoline hydrogenation unit of Daqing Petrochemical is presented. Pretreatment of catalyst and start and operation of the unit are introduced. The unit started operation in October，2013 and operated smoothly. Initial calibration was completed under both 85% loading and 100% loading in November，2013. Sulfur content was below 30μg/g，mercaptan content was below 10μg/g，and loss of RON was between 0.2 and 0.4. Loading could be adjusted flexibly by the GARDES technology. Catalyst matching with the GARDES technology showed excellent performance of hydrodesulfurization and removal of mercaptan along with extremely loss of RON. National IV Standard of FCC gasoline was satisfied by the GARDES technology and catalyst. Gasoline upgrading problem was well resolved by applying the GARDES technology in Daqing Petrochemical.

Chinese patents regarding TiO2 photocatalyst in air purification were analyzed and studied from application perspective. It was shown that study on the morphology and the structure of nano TiO2 has gained significant progress；study on new preparation method and new structure shall be the focus in future research of TiO2 nanomaterials；and domestic applicants in universities and institutes were much more than that in enterprises，so it was necessary to strengthen the cooperation between enterprises and academies.

The paper introduces the domestic markets of polypropylene，acrylonitrile，propylene oxide，ethylene-propylene-diene monomer in propylene downstream industries，discusses the economics of scale，raw material consumption，project investment of polypropylene，acrylontrile，propylene oxide，ethylene-propylene-diene monomer，and makes investment analysis，provides development suggestions on propylene resources and economic - technological strengthes of enterprises.