To develop bio-energy is conductive to relieving China’s heavy dependence on international oil resources, carbon mitigation, white pollutants reduction, and the building of the new socialist countryside. China holds great resource potential for bio-energy development. Necessary resources, technologies and systems should be available to develop bio-energy in China. Currently, however, China is too unfledged to have fully developed conditions. It is required to pay attention to the following issues while developing bio-energy industry in a healthy fashion.
Bio-energy represents the only renewable carbon-bearing energy. It is the best utilization to apply it to producing transportation fuels and bio-chemicals;It is imperative to give priority to the cultivation of biological algae and selective development of other high-yield species, so as to cement the foundation for bio-energy industry; It is required to integrate biological reaction with chemical reaction, bio process with chemical process, and technology research and development with unit development. The biomass technology is to be further developed for commercialization；conventional concept on economy of scales is not suitable for bio-energy industry. Thus it is expected to create an industrial development modality featuring moderate scale, adjacent technology transfer, comprehensive planning, module development, distributed production, and centralized marketing.

In this paper，the advance in microstructure and structure-properties relationship investigation of molecular sieve (including microporous molecular sieve，mesoporous molecular sieve and micro-mesoporous molecular sieve) by using molecular simulation technology is reviewed. Furthermore，the importance and feasibility of using molecular simulation to study the microstructure and structure-properties relationship of the new micro-mesoporous molecular sieve，which has so many excellent properties，such as homogeneous mesoporous，large surface area，strong acidity and high hydrothermal stability are analyzed and discussed.

The factors affecting the hydrothermal synthesis of molecular sieves with ZSM-12 structure，modification methods as well as application in catalysis are reviewed. A lot of studies show that alkalinity and Si/Al ratio in initial reactive gel are major factors during the synthesis of ZSM-12. Different templates can considerably affect pore dimension，crystal morphology and acidity. Silica gel is the suitable source of silicate. Isomorphic substitution of atoms of crystal framework of ZSM-12 with Ga，Fe，B and P compounds can adjust its acidity. The total amount of acid sites decreases while Lewis acid sites disappear during dealumination of ZSM-12. The catalysts based on ZSM-12 show better catalytic activity and high selectivity in aromatic alkylation，isomerization，cracking，and reforming. It is considered to be the best catalyst for preparing 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene by the shape-selective catalysis one-step method.

The recent development of cobalt-based catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the influence of supports，promoters，preparation methods，cobalt precursors，calcination and reduction conditions on the catalytic activity and selectivity control in the preparation of supported cobalt catalysts. In addition，the catalysis mechanism for the F-T synthesis over cobalt-based catalysts is also discussed. Some suggestions to study the catalysts in the future are also given.

In this paper，the recent advances in solid acid alkylation processes，such as FBA、Alkylene、Alkylclean、Eurofuel、ExSact etc.，improved liquid acid alkylation processes，such as Alkad、ReVAP、CDAlkyl etc.，and indirect alkylation process，such as InAlk、CDIsoether、NExOCTANE、Alkylate 100SM、Dimerizaton-Ehterfication Process etc.，have been reviewed，and suggestions to develop alkylate manufacture technology of China are proposed.

The production technology of monoethanol amine and its downstream products including ethylene diamine，diethylene triamine，ethylene imine，etc. is reviewed. The characteristics of reductive amination catalysts and condensation amination catalysts in ethylene diamine synthesis are presented，and the effects of supports and promoters of the catalysts on the catalytic performance are also discussed. It is pointed out that the future development should be mainly concentrated on more efficient and also more selective catalysts and environmentally friendly processes.

The researches on the application of power ultrasonic to the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine have been paid much more attention with the development of ultrasonic technique. This paper introduces the characteristics of power ultrasonic and analyzes the research contents of the ultrasonic extraction of traditional Chinese medicine. The research developments for ultrasonic extraction of traditional Chinese medicine are reviewed. Finally，the existing problems and research directions in the future are proposed for ultrasonic extraction of traditional Chinese medicine.

The factors and mechanisms leading to the instability of supported liquid membranes were analyzed. The efforts worldwide devoted to the improvement of the stability of supported liquid membranes were introduced. The development of new module structures，the compositions of the liquid phase，and the fabrication techniques for the supported liquid membranes were discussed. In the end，the prospects for the commercialization of the supported liquid membranes were presented.

The development of high voltage pulse power supply was reviewed briefly. Non-equilibrium plasma water treatment reactors that were used in the current research were classified as liquid phase，gas phase，gas-liquid two phases and gas-liquid-solid three phases. The structure of reactors was summarized，the advantage and disadvantage of these reactors were analyzed and the development trends were discussed. The kinds of catalysts added in reactors were introduced and the functions of catalysts in the pulse discharge process were analyzed. Some problems in the use of catalysts and the directions in future study were discussed.

In the conventional mono-component refrigeration with propylene，ethylene or methane and the latest multi-component mixed refrigeration of ethylene plants，the superheated extent of returning refrigerant vapor to be compressed varied from null or a big value to am appropriate degree are discussed. The restrictions between superheated extent and its implementing elements，such as the type of heat exchanger used，the temperature control of outlet vapor and the addition intermediate cooler of refrigerant compressor are presented. Its influences on the introduction of inter-stage suction drums，the optimized design of liquid quench line and liquid drain system are analyzed further.

The energy efficiency and ethanol output are the mayor indicators of the biomass-to-ethanol process. In this paper the simulation result of energy efficiency from lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol was introduced，and the process simulation result was used to estimate the energy efficiency of the different biomass raw materials and different processes. According to the energy efficiency estimation，the process and biomass feed，such as saccharification and fermentation time，distillation process，would be devised more efficiently.

The parallelly arranged PAN/TiO2 nanofiber was prepared by electrospinning，using roller to receive and PAN solution with titanium dioxide as spinning liquid. The fiber was preoxidized and activated to manufacture the TiO2 doped activated carbon fiber (ACF) with absorption-photocatalysis performance. The samples were characterized with XRD，IR，and SEM. The photocatalysis fiber with average diameter of 400nm and average pore diameter of 37 nm was prepared successfully.

A novel magnetic-nanometer titanium dioxide/silicon dioxide/ferrite nickel (TiO2/SiO2/NiFe2O4) composite photocatalyst where NiFe2O4 was coated by SiO2 as magnetic matrix，was prepared by means of the homogenous precipitation coating technique. Its optimal preparation conditions were obtained through adjustment of pH value，time of water-heat，temperature of water-heat，temperature of calcination，ratio of Ti/Ni，etc. The morphological structure of the photocatalyst particles was characterized with XRD and TEM analysis. The nanometer-TiO2 dispersed uniformly and enwrapped the SiO2/NiFe2O4 core to from composite particle with a size of 50～70 nm. The photocatalyst showed properties of absorptive wavelength red-shift by UV-vis analysis. The VSM analysis showed that the photocatalyst had good magnetic properties. The photo-catalytic reactivity of samples were evaluated by using methyl orange aqueous solution as simulated contaminants. The results showed that the photo-catalytic decolorization ratio was up to 98.6%.

With polycondensates of methyltrimethoxysilane（MTMS） as coating materials，silica sol modified by 3-(methacryloxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane (MEMO) as inorganic strengthening materials，the transparent silica sol modified methylsilicone film was prepared on polycarbonate (PC) by the sol-gel method. The properties of the coating solution and film with and without MEMO were studied. The film thickness was calculated by the envelope method and compared with SEM results. The results showed that the addition of MEMO could extend gelation time and improve stability of the coating solution and form thicker crack-free film with ease. The film improveed the transparency of PC. The addition of MEMO had no effect on reflection-reducing property and hardness. The film thickness increased with ageing time. The thickness calculated theoretically was close to that measured by SEM.

Polystyrene microspheres with 2-acrylanmido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) were synthesized by using dispersion polymerization in ethanol/water mixed solvent. The microspheres were characterized by FTIR，1HNMR，LLS and SEM. The relationship between the adsorbed weight of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on microspheres and adsorption time and pH value was investigated. The results indicated that the adsorbed weight of BSA increased with increasing adsorption time firstly，and then approached the equilibrium adsorption weight after a certain period of time. The equilibrium adsorption weight of BSA varied with different pH values，and the maximum adsorption weight of BSA appeared when the pH value approached the isoelectric point (pI＝4.7) of BSA.

The two-step heating carbonization process was used to prepare highly activated wood charcoal．The effect of holding time and temperature on the adsorptive properties of activated wood charcoal was discussed．The pore structures of the activated wood charcoal were characterized by means of ESEM and HRTEM．The result showed that two-step heating carbonization process can improve the performance of wood charcoal．It was found that as carbonization holding time increased，the surface area and total pore volume of the samples increased，with pore radius ranging from 0.6 to 2 nm．Under optimized experimental condition，the surface area，total pore volume and micropore volume of the samples were 1288.4 m2/g，0.784 mL/g，0.407 mL/g，respectively．

The multiplication of denitrifying，phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) in the anaerobic stage of A2/O and species/function change of the bacteria before and after inducement were studied. After multiplication，the amount of denitrifying，phosphorus removing bacteria increased from 4.1×103 cell·mL－1 to 2.7×106 cell·mL－1. The removal efficiency of phosphate increased from 38.5% to 95.1%. After inducement four Pseudomonas sp.，two Enterobacteriaceae sp.，one Aeromonas sp.，one staphylococcus sp. and one Agrobacterium sp. were isolated. The Pseudomonas sp.， Enterobacteriaceae sp. and staphylococcus sp. belonged to simultaneously DPB，but the function of Pseudomonas sp. was the best，Enterobacteriaceae sp. was middle，and staphylococcus sp. was the worst. Aeromonas sp. and Agrobacterium sp. belonged to phosphorus accumulating and denitrifying bacteria，but were not simultaneously DPB. The identification of simultaneously DPB must accumulate phosphate and deoxidize nitrate simultaneously.

The paper systematically analyzed the oily sludge generated from petroleum refining in the Liaohe oilfield. Based on the oily sludge sample，the following disposal process was proposed：adding water to dilute oily sludge – heating to homogenize – adding chemical to remove oil – flocculating to precipitate – reusing supernatant. The results of experiment showed that the treatment can recover crude oil efficiently，and reduce its biological toxicity. The technology not only relieves the problem of oily sludge accumulation in the Liaohe oilfield，but also has social benefit.

The effects of imidization method，coagulation bath and temperature were studied on the structure and separation performance of polyimide membrane，prepared by using pyromellitic dianhidride and 4,4′-oxydianiline as raw materials. The optimal synthesis conditions of polyimide membranes were as follows：15%(wt) polyamide casting solution，the coagulation bath was 30 %(wt) ethanol aqueous solution, chemical imidization at room temperature for 48 h. The synthesized polyimide membrane showed good nanofiltration performance for organic mixtures of lubricant oil with acetone and benzene solvents. The rejection rate was 66% and the flux was 4.26 L/(m2·h).under the steady-state operation with an operation pressure of 2 MPa. These results are important to developing commercial nanofiltration membrane for organic solvent mixtures.

The cost-effective thermal energy storage will play an important role for the economic success of concentrating solar power plants. One option to significantly reduce costs is to use thermocline storage systems. Based on the idea of thermocline thermal storage，a molten-salt hybrid thermocline thermal storage system was developed in this paper，which was a single thermal storage tank，where a thermocline was in the middle section of the tank，a high-temperature PCM (phase change material) heat exchanger of shell and tubes was placed on the top of the tank and a low-temperature PCM heat exchanger of shell and tubes was placed on the bottom of the tank. The thermocline，a thermal gradient，potentially separated hotter molten-salt liquid from colder molten-salt liquid in the same tank. The high and low temperature PCM heat exchangers of shell and tubes would not only increase the thermal storage capacity of the system，but also simplify the molten-salt liquid charging and discharging structure. The preliminary experiments determined the amount of effective thermal storage capacity of the system and substantiated that the thermocline could keep stable during charging and discharging cycle and demonstrated the promising prospect of this thermal storage option.

A mixture of N2 and H2S was used as the simulated natural gas，and desulfurization experiment by using the ferric chelated oxidation reduction method was performed in a rotating packed bed (RPB). In order to determine the operating conditions of the system，the effects of inlet concentration of H2S，gas flow rate，liquid flow rate，rotor speed，pH value of desulfurization liquid on coefficient of mass transfer and removal rate were studied. The results showed that the removal rate of H2S could reach around 99.9%. Furthermore，our process is characterized by smaller volume，stable and efficient removal rate. It has a very good industrial application prospect.

The solubilities of multi-component systems in biodiesel production from cottonseed oil were investigated. The inter-solubilities of five three-component systems，methanol + methyl ester + cottonseed oil，methanol + glycerol + cottonseed oil，methanol + methyl ester + glycerol，methanol + THF + cottonseed oil，glycerol + methyl ester + cottonseed oil were determined at 20 ℃，40 ℃ and 60 ℃ respectively. Methyl ester and tetrahydrofuran (THF) both made methanol dissolve in cottonseed oil easier. Glycerol，as a byproduct，hardly dissolves in the reaction system，leading to increase reaction conversion.

A catalyst of cation exchange resin modified by aluminium chloride was selected to synthesize bisphenol F by condensation of phenol and formaldehyde. The optimal reaction condition was investigated. The result showed that the yield of bisphenol F could reach above 80% with phenol to formaldehyde molar ratio 5:1, reaction temperature 75℃ and reaction time 2.5h. And the catalyst could be used repeatedly.

The synthesis of high purity azelaic acid through oxidation of oleic acid with 50% hydrogen peroxide was studied by using tungstic acid as a catalyst and ionic liquid as a basic reaction system .Then the epoxide of oleic acid was further oxidized and fragmented by peracetic acid to make azelaic acid. Various solvent conditions were discussed and compared. The optimum technological conditions were determined as follows： The mixture of oleic acid was oxidized by hydrogen peroxide by stirring at 60 ℃ for 1 h with the molar ratio of n(C18H34O2)∶n(H2O2)∶n(H2WO4)= 1.0∶3.0∶0.04，and the mixed solvent of BMIMPF6 and isopropanol was the best reaction system with the blending ratio of 1∶0.7. The semi-finished product was further oxidized by 25% peracetic acid at 90℃for 3 hours . Finally，the compound was confirmed by reaction yield，melting point，IR and GC-MS analysis after purification and the yield of azelaic acid was up to 46% with the purity about 95%.

A complex catalyst system，SO42－/ZrO2-TiO2 was prepared and used in the reaction for the synthesis of glycerol triacetate from glycerol and acetic acid and the process of alcohol distillation recovery. By improving the process，avoiding the use of toxic water-taking agent，the synthesis process of glycerol triacetate was made more safe，economical and environmentally friendly. The optimal conditions for the catalyst and glycerol triacetate preparation were as follows，the concentration of sulfuric acid impregnation solution，0.5～0.55mol.L－1; calcinations temperature，550~600℃; catalyst dosage，2.5%～3.0% (the mass fraction of the total material); ratio of glycerol and acetic acid，nglyceroal：nacetic acid=1∶5.5; reaction temperature，130℃，reflux reaction time about 3 h; the yield of the product 93.6%; catalyst could be reused six times，and catalyst regeneration was easy.

To study the characteristics of total phosphorus (TP) and ammonium removal by sequencing batch IAL-CHS reactor(Internal Airlift Loop Ceramic Honeycomb Support reactor，simple name：IAL-CHS reactor). Lab-scale experiment was operated by using simulate wastewater. The experiment results show that the concentration of ammonium in the influent reaches 12.35～20.33 mg/L，ammonium in the effluent of 0.79～9.52 mg/L，and the removal rate reaches 41.85%～96.09% and the average removal rate reaches 76.3%，the concentration of TP in the influent reaches 1.89～3.33 mg/L，TP in the effluent of 1.55～3.12 mg/L，and the removal rate reaches only 3.05%～24.32% and the average removal rate reaches 11.31%. The bioreactor has excellent resistance shock loading ability of ammonium. Moreover，overgrow filamentous bacteria has not influence obviously to the removal rate of ammonium and TP.

In order to increase the capacity of a toluene diisocyanate (TDI) plant from 20kt/a to 75kt/a, we analyzed and made simulation of the TDI refining column, which was used to separate TDI from DEIP, an inert solvent used during reaction process. Simulation results showed that the tray number of the original column was too small that needed a larger reflux rate to meet the separation requirement, and the column load had a big difference between top section and lower section. Based on the simulation results, we proposed a two-column flow sheet and found the optimal equipment and operation parameters by simulation and optimization on the new flow sheet. The new flow sheet needs a new column with a diameter of 3 m, tray number of 25 to be combined with the original column to meet 75 kt/a TDI capacity. When the recycle flow rate between the two columns is about 14 000 kg/h, the new flow sheet could not only use the old column, but also ensure that the total energy consumption is not too high. By this way, the proposed flowsheet can achieve the objects of process-optimized and invest-saving.

To investigate the effect of the technological process consisting of foam separation and three-dimension electrode reactor for starch wastewater treatment，a pilot test of about two months was conducted on the spot. The results demonstrated that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate could reach 52.1% and the quantity of protein taken from raw water was about 2.5kg/t with the air-water flow ratio of 10 with the running of the foam separation process. The COD removal efficiency of 96.9% also could be obtained with the conditions of reaction time 70min，input voltage 10V and inter-electrode distance 15cm by using the three-dimension electrode reactor，at the same time，the energy consumption for the electro-oxidation process was only 1.78kW·h per ton wastewater.

Nitration tail gas mainly of nitrogen oxides was treated in a rotating packed bed. Operation conditions and running stability were studied during the pilot test based on earlier research. The effects of gas flow，liquid gas ratio，high gravity factor and the concentration of absorbent on absorptivity were investigated and the proper conditions were obtained. The results show that the absorptivity of a single stage could reach 85.4% at a gas flow rate of 100 m3·h－1，liquid gas ratio of 20 L·m－3，high gravity factor of 90 and urea concentration of 20%. After continuous operation for 30 d by two stages，the average absorptivity was higher than 96% and the system operated stably. The rotating packed bed has broad prospect of industrial application for its advantages of smaller occupation of land，smaller investment，easier operation and higher absorption efficiency.