Abstract: The recent development of cobalt-based catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the influence of supports，promoters，preparation methods，cobalt precursors，calcination and reduction conditions on the catalytic activity and selectivity control in the preparation of supported cobalt catalysts. In addition，the catalysis mechanism for the F-T synthesis over cobalt-based catalysts is also discussed. Some suggestions to study the catalysts in the future are also given.