Abstract:

With the development of application requirements and equipment technology upgrades, the current commercial lithium primary batteries cannot meet the needs of low cost, high energy density and high power applications. The research on "dual high" lithium primary batteries with high energy density and high power characteristics is currently a technical challenge. It is necessary to vigorously carry out research on improving the performance of current lithium primary batteries, while seeking new lithium primary battery systems. In view of this, the research progress of lithium/sulfur primary batteries and organic cathode material lithium primary batteries with low-cost and high energy density was summarized. Meanwhile, this paper reviewed the research progress in improving the power characteristics of lithium/manganese dioxide and lithium/carbon fluoride battery through material nanomaterialization, surface treatment and process optimization design. The research progress of high power new battery systems including lithium/chromium oxide and lithium/delithiated lithium cobaltate primary batteries was also summarized. Finally, prospects for future development were presented. Intensive research on current battery systems mining potential of high power characteristics and the research of new battery systems provided new possibilities for obtaining lithium primary batteries with high energy density and high power characteristics.

Key words: lithium primary batteries, high energy density, high power characteristics, organic compounds, nanomaterials, optimal design

摘要：

随着应用需求发展和装备技术升级，现有商业化锂一次电池已不能满足低成本、高能量密度及高功率的应用需求。高能量密度及高功率特性“双高”锂一次电池研究是目前面临的技术难题，需要在现有基础上大力开展锂一次电池性能提升研究，同时寻找新的锂一次电池体系。鉴于此，综述了基于低成本、高能量密度新体系锂/硫一次电池及有机正极材料锂一次电池的研究进展。同时，基于现有锂/二氧化锰、锂/氟化碳等电池体系，探讨了通过材料纳米化、表面处理及工艺优化设计等多种手段提升其功率特性的研究进展，并对高功率新体系锂/铬氧化物、脱锂态钴酸锂正极锂一次电池的研究进展进行了概述。最后，对后续发展进行了展望，对现有电池体系的深入研究挖掘出电池高功率特性潜力，新体系锂电池的研究为得到高能量密度和高功率特性锂一次电池提供了新的可能性。

关键词: 锂一次电池, 高能量密度, 高功率特性, 有机化合物, 纳米材料, 优化设计