Research progress on the biochar modification and its remediation of herbicide-contaminated water and soil

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0310

Abstract

Abstract:

Herbicides have been used extensively in modern agricultural production, but the long-term application of herbicides has resulted in a large amount of residues in the soil, which pollutes water through precipitation, leaching and runoff, thus causing environmental pollution and food safety issues. Biochar, as a kind of green and efficient adsorbent, has been widely used for the remediation of organic-polluted water and soil. This review summarized the modification methods of biochar, such as acid-base, organic matter, and metal salt dipping, nano zero-valent iron and microbial load modification. The application of modified biochar in the remediation of herbicide pollution was introduced, and the remediation effects of pristine and modified biochar were compared and analyzed. The effects of modified biochar characteristics and environmental conditions on the remediation of herbicide pollution and their mechanism were discussed. In the future, the stability, long-term performance, and safety of modified biochar in the remediation process of herbicide pollution still need to be explored.

Key words: modified biochar, herbicide, nano zero-valent iron, microorganism, remediation effect, adsorption mechanism

摘要：

除草剂已被大量使用于现代农业生产，而长期使用除草剂可能造成其在土壤中大量残留，或通过降水、淋溶和径流污染水体，因此引发环境污染问题和食品安全问题。生物炭作为一种绿色、高效的吸附剂已被广泛用于修复有机物污染水体和土壤。本文介绍了酸碱、有机物和金属盐浸渍改性，纳米零价铁和微生物负载改性等生物炭改性方法；综述了改性生物炭在除草剂污染修复中的应用情况，对比分析了生物炭改性前后的修复效果；探讨了改性生物炭自身特性、环境条件对改性生物炭修复除草剂污染的影响及机制。未来仍需对改性生物炭在除草剂污染修复过程中的稳定性、长效性和安全性等方面开展研究。

关键词: 改性生物炭, 除草剂, 纳米零价铁, 微生物, 修复效果, 吸附机理

CLC Number:

PENG Cheng, XU Yilin, SHI Yujing, ZHANG Wen, LI Yutao, WANG Haoran, ZHANG Wei, ZHAN Xiuping. Research progress on the biochar modification and its remediation of herbicide-contaminated water and soil[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(2): 1069-1081.

彭程, 徐漪琳, 石钰婧, 张玟, 李宇涛, 王皓冉, 张卫, 占绣萍. 生物炭改性及其对除草剂污染水体和土壤修复的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(2): 1069-1081.

Figures/Tables 6

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除草剂类型	除草剂浓度/mg·L^-1	生物炭原料	热解温度/℃	改性方式	修复效果	参考文献
2,4-D	100	云杉	600	—	去除率约20%	[41]
	1000	柳枝稷	425	—	吸附量达到133mg/g	[42]
	100	废茶叶	700	蒸汽改性	去除率达到21.5%，吸附量达到58.8mg/g	[43]
	1	稻草	700	NaOH改性	去除率达到39%	[14]
	5~50	玉米秸秆	600	—	单位面积吸附量达到0.016mg/m²	[37]
				K₂CO₃改性	单位面积吸附量达到0.029mg/m²
				K₂CO₃改性，表面胺化	单位面积吸附量达到0.033mg/m²
				K₂CO₃改性，表面氧化	单位面积吸附量达到0.044mg/m²
	20	稻壳	700	—	吸附量达3.63mg/m²	[44]
	20	稻壳	700	磷酸改性	吸附量达84.8mg/m²	[44]
阿特拉津	2~10	竹竿	450	—	去除率达到51%，吸附量达到2.68mg/g	[45]
	30	玉米秸秆	400	磷酸改性	吸附量达到26.9mg/g	[46]
	50	玉米秸秆	600	负载还原后的氧化石墨烯	吸附量达到58mg/g	[47]
	35	小麦秸秆	750	—	吸附量达到46.8mg/g	[38]
	35	小麦秸秆	750	掺杂N	吸附量达到82.8mg/g	[38]
	50	核桃壳	600	盐酸改性	去除率达到约65%，吸附量达到29.76mg/g	[48]
	0.25~30	花生壳	450	磷酸改性	水体系中，吸附亲和力（K_f）增加128倍；土壤体系中，K_f增加13.5倍	[12]
MCPA	2000	柳枝稷	425	—	单位面积吸附量达到45.45mg/m²	[42]
	100	云杉	600	—	去除率约30%	[41]
	—	80%硬木， 20%挪威云杉	380~430	CaCl₂改性	吸附率约90%	[40]
五氯苯酚	—	水稻秸秆	105	盐酸和盐酸-氢氟酸改性	去除量达到31.55mg/g	[49]
五氯苯酚	—	竹竿	600	盐酸和盐酸-氢氟酸改性	土壤体系中的累积浸出量减少了42%	[39]

除草剂类型	除草剂浓度/mg·L^-1	生物炭原料	热解温度/℃	改性方式	修复效果	参考文献
2,4-D	100	云杉	600	—	去除率约20%	[41]
	1000	柳枝稷	425	—	吸附量达到133mg/g	[42]
	100	废茶叶	700	蒸汽改性	去除率达到21.5%，吸附量达到58.8mg/g	[43]
	1	稻草	700	NaOH改性	去除率达到39%	[14]
	5~50	玉米秸秆	600	—	单位面积吸附量达到0.016mg/m²	[37]
				K₂CO₃改性	单位面积吸附量达到0.029mg/m²
				K₂CO₃改性，表面胺化	单位面积吸附量达到0.033mg/m²
				K₂CO₃改性，表面氧化	单位面积吸附量达到0.044mg/m²
	20	稻壳	700	—	吸附量达3.63mg/m²	[44]
	20	稻壳	700	磷酸改性	吸附量达84.8mg/m²	[44]
阿特拉津	2~10	竹竿	450	—	去除率达到51%，吸附量达到2.68mg/g	[45]
	30	玉米秸秆	400	磷酸改性	吸附量达到26.9mg/g	[46]
	50	玉米秸秆	600	负载还原后的氧化石墨烯	吸附量达到58mg/g	[47]
	35	小麦秸秆	750	—	吸附量达到46.8mg/g	[38]
	35	小麦秸秆	750	掺杂N	吸附量达到82.8mg/g	[38]
	50	核桃壳	600	盐酸改性	去除率达到约65%，吸附量达到29.76mg/g	[48]
	0.25~30	花生壳	450	磷酸改性	水体系中，吸附亲和力（K_f）增加128倍；土壤体系中，K_f增加13.5倍	[12]
MCPA	2000	柳枝稷	425	—	单位面积吸附量达到45.45mg/m²	[42]
	100	云杉	600	—	去除率约30%	[41]
	—	80%硬木， 20%挪威云杉	380~430	CaCl₂改性	吸附率约90%	[40]
五氯苯酚	—	水稻秸秆	105	盐酸和盐酸-氢氟酸改性	去除量达到31.55mg/g	[49]
五氯苯酚	—	竹竿	600	盐酸和盐酸-氢氟酸改性	土壤体系中的累积浸出量减少了42%	[39]

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