Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 1574-1585.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0746

• Biochemical and pharmaceutical engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

A review of the biodegradation of asphaltene in heavy oil

YU Yang1(), LIU Qi1(), PENG Bo1, LYU Jing2   

  1. 1.The Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory for Greenhouse Gas Storage and CO2-EOR, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
    2.College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
  • Received:2020-05-06 Online:2021-03-17 Published:2021-03-05
  • Contact: LIU Qi

微生物降解稠油中沥青质的研究进展

于洋1(), 刘琦1(), 彭勃1, 吕静2   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(北京)非常规油气科学技术研究院,温室气体封存与石油开采利用北京市重点实验室,北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学(北京)新能源与材料学院,北京 102249
  • 通讯作者: 刘琦
  • 作者简介:于洋(1996—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为油田化学工程。E-mail:2019216310@student.cup.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51604288)

Abstract:

Due to high viscosity and poor liquidity of heavy oil, the extraction is difficult and costly. The high content of asphaltene is the main reason for the high viscosity of heavy oil. Microorganisms can reduce the average molecular weight of heavy oil by degrading heavy component, thus reducing the viscosity of heavy oil. In this paper, starting from the structure and composition of asphaltenes, the mechanism of biodegradation of asphaltenes is explained , the latest research progress in recent years is summarized,the challenges of the research and application are pointed out,and its development trend is predicted. The biodegradation of asphaltene is mainly through the ring-opening degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the degradation of long-chain n-alkanes into short chains, and the ring-opening of heterocyclic compounds to remove heteroatoms. However, due to the large molecular weight and uncertain composition of asphaltenes, whether the selected microorganisms can efficiently degrade asphaltenes in crude oil reservoirs still needs to be further explored. The screening of high-efficiency asphaltene-degrading strains and the use of genetic engineering to transform strains should be the focus of future work. In addition, through the combination of strains, the synergistic effect of strains can be used to degrade asphaltene more efficiently.

Key words: microorganism, degradation, asphaltene, viscosity reduction, enhanced oil recovery

摘要:

稠油因黏度高、流动性差,存在开采难度大、开发成本高的问题。沥青质等重组分含量高是造成稠油高黏度的主要原因。微生物通过降解重组分可降低稠油的平均分子量,从而降低稠油黏度。本文从沥青质的结构与组成出发,阐述了微生物对沥青质的降解机理,总结了近年来国内外最新研究进展,指出了目前微生物降解沥青质研究与应用所面临的挑战,并对其发展趋势做出了展望。微生物对沥青质的降解主要是通过将多环芳烃进行开环降解、将长链正构烷烃降解为短链、将杂环化合物进行开环除去杂原子三个方面。但因沥青质的分子量较大且组成有着不确定性,所筛选的微生物是否能够高效地降解储层中原油所含沥青质仍需进一步探究,因此高效沥青质降解菌株的筛选和利用基因工程等技术手段改造菌株应是未来工作的研究重点。此外,通过菌株的复配,利用菌株间的协同效应也可以达到更为高效降解沥青质的目的。

关键词: 微生物, 降解, 沥青质, 降黏, 提高采收率

CLC Number: 

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