Abstract:

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE), which relies on photothermal materials and evaporators for desalination, has attracted widespread attention from scholars because of its high photothermal conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, simple manufacturing process and abundant materials. Addressing the salt crystal buildup on the surface of photothermal materials and evaporators is a crucial stage in SDIE because it will directly affect the evaporation efficiency throughout the desalination process. This paper briefly described the design concepts and research status of salt-tolerant photothermal materials and evaporators in recent years, illustrated the advantages and limitations of different salt-tolerant designs, and sorted out their salt-tolerance mechanisms and performance. The analysis demonstrated that the salt resistance of photothermal materials can be enhanced by regulating the pore structure, hydrophilic-hydrophobic and ionic groups of photothermal materials. A variety of salt-resistant evaporators can be designed by regulating the concentration of salt solution and the crystallization position of salt. In addition, common problems in solving salt crystallization problems in SDIE were discussed and future research challenges were proposed to advance the future research and development of SDIE.

Key words: solar energy, interfacial evaporation, desalination, photothermal materials, salt resistance

摘要：

太阳能驱动界面蒸发技术（SDIE）依靠光热材料和蒸发器进行海水淡化，因光热转换效率高、环境友好、制造工艺简单和材料丰富等优点引起了学者们的广泛关注。但在海水淡化过程中，光热材料和蒸发器表面盐结晶的积累会直接影响太阳能界面蒸发效率，解决光热材料和蒸发器表面盐结晶问题是SDIE中重要的一步。本文简述了近年来耐盐型光热材料及蒸发器的设计理念与研究现状，阐述了不同耐盐设计的优点和局限性，梳理了其耐盐机制和性能，分析表明通过调控光热材料的孔结构、亲-疏水性、离子基团等方法可以增强光热材料的耐盐性，通过调控盐溶液的浓度和盐的结晶位置等可设计多种耐盐型蒸发器，讨论了目前在SDIE中解决盐结晶问题存在的共性问题并提出未来的研究挑战，以推进未来SDIE的研究与发展。

关键词: 太阳能, 界面蒸发, 海水淡化, 光热材料, 耐盐