Abstract:

Brackish water electrodialysis desalination technology has the advantages of excellent desalination performance, low cost, and environmental protection. However, there are some problems such as complex membrane preparation process, imprecise mass transfer model, and energy efficiency which needs to be improved. This article first analyzes the preparation and modification methods of the brackish water electrodialysis ion exchange membrane, and discusse the problems in membrane materials. Secondly, the principle and latest progress of brackish water electrodialysis in simplified model, theoretical model and semi-empirical model are compared and summarized. Both the operation mode and process optimization strategy of conventional brackish water electrodialysis are summarized systematically. The principle and application of new electrodialysis processes in brackish water desalination, such as new electrodeionization, shock electrodialysis and renewable energy driven electrodialysis, are further introduced. Future works will focus on reducing the cost of membrane preparation, optimizing mass transfer model, exploring integrated membrane desalination process and new electrodialysis process.

Key words: electrodialysis, brackish water desalination, ion exchange membrane, mass transfer mode, process optimization

摘要：

电渗析苦咸水淡化技术具有脱盐效果好、成本较低、绿色环保等优点，但存在制膜工艺繁琐、传质模型不够精确、能效有待提升等问题。本文首先分析了苦咸水电渗析用离子交换膜的制备及改性方法，对膜材料存在的问题进行了探讨。综述对比了苦咸水电渗析在简化模型、理论模型、半经验模型方面的原理及最新进展，系统总结了常规苦咸水电渗析过程的运行方式和工艺优化策略，并进一步介绍了以新型电去离子、冲击电渗析、可再生能源驱动电渗析为代表的新型电渗析过程在苦咸水淡化方面的原理及应用。在此基础上，提出了今后的研究方向集中于降低制膜成本、优化传质模型、探究集成膜法淡化工艺以及新型电渗析过程等方面。

关键词: 电渗析, 苦咸水淡化, 离子交换膜, 传质模型, 工艺优化