Abstract:

Solar water splitting for hydrogen production is an effective method for storing solar energy and converting photons into chemical energy. TiO₂ is one of the best materials for solar-driven hydrogen evolution, but poor separation of electron-hole pairs limits its activity, and the combination of TiO₂ photocatalysts and co-catalysts improves hydrogen precipitation performance. Therefore, this paper reviewed in detail the studies related to the enhancement of TiO₂ photocatalytic hydrogen production by metal-based co-catalysts, focusing on noble metal-based co-catalysts, non-precious metal-based co-catalysts, metal-sulfide and metal-phosphide co-catalysts, and bimetallic-based co-catalysts. These studies revealed the key roles of various co-catalysts in enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂, demonstrating the broad application prospects of solar cracking hydrogeneration technology. In addition, for a more comprehensive understanding of this technology, this paper provided an in-depth description of the detailed evolutionary mechanism of semiconductor photocatalytic hydrogen production: including reactant adsorption, photoexcitation process, electron and hole migration, and reduction/oxidation reactions. The in-depth analysis of these reaction steps was expected to provide researchers with a clear theoretical framework for better preparation and optimization of co-catalysts in TiO₂ photocatalysis, as well as a deep understanding of the intrinsic mechanism of hydrogen evolution. Finally, the TiO₂-based photocatalysts were summarized and prospected: i.e., the advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of co-catalysts were compared and analyzed, and abundant ideas were provided for the customization of TiO₂-loaded active sites in photo-induced hydrogen precipitation catalysts.

Key words: TiO₂-based, photocatalysts, hydrogen production, solar water splitting

摘要：

太阳能裂解水制氢是储存太阳能的有效方法，可将光子转化为化学能。TiO₂是太阳能驱动氢演化的最佳材料之一，但电子空穴对分离不良会限制其活性，而TiO₂光催化剂与助催化剂结合可提高析氢性能。因此，本文详细回顾了金属类助催化剂对TiO₂光催化制氢效果提升的相关研究，着重介绍了贵金属基助催化剂、非贵金属基助催化剂、金属硫化物和金属磷化物助催化剂、双金属基助催化剂。这些研究揭示了各种助催化剂对提升TiO₂光催化效率的关键作用，展示了太阳能裂解水产氢技术的广阔应用前景。此外，为了更全面地理解这项技术，本文还深入介绍了半导体光催化制氢的详细演化机理：包括反应物的吸附、光激发过程、电子和空穴的迁移以及还原/氧化反应。通过深入剖析这些反应步骤，有望为科研人员提供一个清晰的理论框架，以便更好地制备和优化TiO₂光催化中的助催化剂，同时深刻理解氢气演化的内在机制。最后对TiO₂基光催化剂进行了总结与展望：即对不同种类的助催化剂的优劣势对比分析，并为光诱导析氢催化剂中的TiO₂负载活性位点的定制提供丰富的思路。

关键词: 二氧化钛基, 光催化剂, 制氢, 太阳能裂解水