Abstract:

The heat dissipation of high heat flux equipment has become a key engineering problem to be solved urgently. As a novelty heat dissipation technology, endothermic chemical reaction has thus received wide attention due to its advantages of high storage density, long-term storage, and heat storage under environmental conditions. Therefore, we first introduced the characteristics of scenes with high heat flux under various working temperatures and their unique requirement for heat dissipation. After discussion on the principle of endothermic chemical reactions, various reactions categorized by their product, including hydrogen generation-based system, ammonia generation-based system, water generation-based system, and carbonate system, were emphatically summarized from the perspective of their features. Meanwhile, the application scenarios corresponding to the above reactions and the potential difficulties confronted in their application were also introduced. In combination of reviewing the progress made in heat dissipation of scenarios under ultra-high temperature or high temperature via the endothermic chemical reactions, we further discussed the requirement from scenarios under middle or low temperature, which was relatively less studied currently. Finally, we proposed the prospects of this technology by listing some difficulties faced during the application, such as the reaction control and the tail gas treatment, with the attempts to provide references to the studies on the heat dissipation of high heat flux equipment.

Key words: endothermic reaction, phase change, pyrolysis, high heat flux, heat dissipation, reaction characteristics

摘要：

高热耗电子设备的散热问题已成亟待解决的关键工程问题。作为一种新型的散热技术，吸热化学反应因其高储存密度、可长期储存及在环境条件下储热等优势，受到广泛关注。为此，本文首先介绍了发生在不同温度下的高热耗场景特点与散热需要，接着结合吸热反应的原理，并根据生成物的不同，重点分析了现有吸热反应类型与特点，具体包括氢体系、氨分解体系、水体系与碳酸盐体系。在上述分析中，进一步讨论了这些吸热反应对应的应用场景与存在的潜在问题。通过回顾传统超高温区与高温区中的化学反应进展，讨论了中低温区高热耗设备对吸热反应的要求。最后，从反应过程控制、产物处理等角度对基于吸热反应的散热技术前景进行了展望，试图从化学视角为该领域的研究提供借鉴。

关键词: 吸热反应, 相变, 热解, 高热耗, 散热, 反应特点