Abstract:

Amorphous materials have become a frontier in the research of functional materials and have demonstrated their potentials for application owing to their unique short-range ordered and long-range disordered structure. The microstructure, electron distribution, band gap, and conductivity of traditional crystalline nanomaterials can be multi-dimensionally optimized through amorphization strategies, thereby enhancing their catalytic activity, stability, and anti-deformation ability. This article systematically reviews the processes of preparing amorphous nano-catalytic materials through several wet chemical strategies such as hydrothermal synthesis, electrochemical deposition, and sol-gel, and the multiscale characterization techniques for analyzing the special structural properties of amorphous materials. We introduce some latest research progresses of amorphous materials in the field of energy and catalysis. It also lists some representative research works to illustrate the metastable structure and the enhanced catalytic activity mechanism as well as the dynamic correlation between structure and selectivity. We also summarize the relationship between the structure and performance, and finally summarize the research status and outlines the prospects of amorphous materials.

Key words: amorphous materials, metastable state, energy catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis

摘要：

非晶态材料因独特的短程有序、长程无序结构，在催化领域展现出一定的应用潜力，成为功能材料研究的前沿材料。通过非晶化策略可多维度优化传统晶体纳米材料的微观结构、电子分布、带隙及导电性能，从而显著提升其催化活性、稳定性和抗形变能力。本文系统综述了水热合成、电化学沉积、溶胶-凝胶等几种湿化学策略制备非晶态纳米催化材料的工艺以及能够针对非晶态材料的特殊结构属性进行表征分析的多尺度表征技术手段；介绍了非晶态材料在光电催化领域的最新研究进展；列举了一些代表性的研究工作来阐述非晶态材料的亚稳态结构及其催化活性增强机理，以及催化选择性间的动态关联；并归纳了非晶态材料结构与性能之间的对应关系；最后对非晶态材料的研究现状和发展前景做出总结与展望。

关键词: 非晶材料, 亚稳态, 能源催化, 多相催化