Abstract:

Electrodialysis, as a green separation technology, is widely applied in water treatment and strategic element extraction fields. The ion exchange membrane, serving as the core of the electrodialysis apparatus, controls ion transport and selective separation processes. However, membrane fouling limits the ion exchange capacity, selective separation performance, and stability of the ion exchange membranes, leading to a decrease in membrane lifespan, increased operational costs, and other issues. These challenges are critical constraints on the widespread application of electrodialysis. This paper systematically reviews the causes, main types, and mechanisms of ion exchange membrane fouling, as well as cutting-edge research on control strategies. It particularly discusses the pollution mechanisms of inorganic scaling, pollution of organics and colloids, and biofouling. The paper explores optimization of operational parameters, modifications of membrane surface materials, and enhancements in pretreatment as strategies to control membrane fouling. It aimes to provide theoretical guidance for the development of intelligent membrane fouling monitoring and prevention systems.

Key words: electrodialysis, ion exchange membranes, membrane fouling, ion mass transfer, selective separation performance

摘要：

电渗析作为绿色分离技术，广泛应用于水处理和战略元素提取领域。离子交换膜作为电渗析装置的核心，同时控制离子传输及选择性分离过程，然而膜污染限制了离子交换膜的离子交换能力、选择性分离性能及稳定性，进而导致膜寿命衰减、工艺成本增加等问题，成为制约电渗析广泛应用的关键因素。本文系统梳理了离子交换膜污染的成因、主要类型及污染机制以及相应的控制策略等方面的前沿性研究进展，重点讨论了无机结垢、有机物与胶体的吸附污染、生物附着污染等污染机理，并从强化离子传质及抑制污染物与膜界面的非特异性和特异性相互作用的角度出发，阐述了优化操作参数、膜表面材料改性、增加预处理等膜污染控制策略，以期为构建智能化膜污染监测及防控系统提供理论指导。

关键词: 电渗析, 离子交换膜, 膜污染, 离子传质, 选择性分离