Abstract:

In recent years, with the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, the retention of spent lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly used in electric vehicle power batteries, has also surged. Resourceful recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries can not only avoid the environmental problems caused by solid waste piles, but also provide raw materials for the manufacturing of new batteries. Power ultrasound has been shown to be an effective means to enhance the resourceful recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries, and the unique physical and chemical effects are the main mechanisms that produce the enhancement effect. Based on the introduction of ultrasonic cavitation theory, the pathway of ultrasonic enhancement of spent lithium-ion batteries resource-based recycling is discussed, and the application and research progress of ultrasonic technology in the separation process of metal collector and electrode materials, the resource-based recycling process of electrode materials and the repair process of electrode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries are reviewed. Finally, the shortcomings of ultrasonic assisted technology in industrial application are discussed, and the prospect of industrial application of ultrasonic in the resource recycling and utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries is prospected.

Key words: spent lithium-ion batteries, separation, recovery, remediation, ultrasound

摘要：

近些年，随着电动汽车行业的快速发展，电动汽车动力电池常用的锂离子电池废弃物保有量也随之激增。废旧锂离子电池的资源化回收利用不仅可以避免固废堆放导致的环境问题，还可以为新电池的制造提供原材料。功率超声被证明是强化废旧锂离子电池资源化回收利用的一种有效手段，独特的物理和化学效应是产生强化效果的主要机制。本文在介绍超声空化理论的基础上论述了超声波强化废旧锂离子电池资源化回收利用的路径，并综述了超声波辅助技术在废旧锂离子电池金属集流体表面电极材料剥离过程、电极材料资源化回收过程、电极材料修复过程中的应用与研究进展。最后，论述了超声波辅助技术在工业化应用中存在的不足，展望了超声波在废旧锂离子电池资源化回收利用中工业化应用的前景。

关键词: 废旧锂离子电池, 分离, 回收, 修复, 超声波