Performance and control system of gas engine heat pump based on waste heat recovery

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1776

Abstract

Abstract:

Gas engine-driven heat pump (GHP) has the advantages of strong environmental adaptability, high efficiency and low electricity consumption. It can solve the problems of low primary energy utilization, waste of resources and environmental pollution. Current research focuses on the operational characteristics of GHP systems, while neglecting design of the control system. A control system is very important to ensure efficient and stable operation of GHP systems. In this study, an embedded control system was proposed to monitor gas engine driven heat pump cold-hot water equipment (GHPW). The design principles and methods of the core control modules were described in detail. The operational performance of experimental system was tested by experiments. Experimental results indicated that the control system could monitor the experimental system accurately and stably, and rapid cooling/heating and precise temperature control could be realized. Through double closed-loop control of the main controller on engine speed and evaporator superheat, the stability and accuracy of the outlet water temperature could be achieved. When the ambient temperature was low, heating capacity of GHP systems was better than that of EHP systems due to recovery of engine waste heat. As the ambient temperature rises from -20℃ to 7℃, heating capacity of the experimental system gradually improved from 52.94kW to 105.87kW, and primary energy ratio (PER) of the system steadily increased from 0.819 to 1.489. The recovery of engine waste heat improved heating capacity and PER of the experimental system.

Key words: gas engine-driven heat pump, heating performance, waste heat recovery, control system

摘要：

燃气热泵（gas engine-driven heat pump，GHP）具有环境适应性强、能效高、耗电量少等优点，能够解决一次能源利用率低、资源浪费和环境污染等问题。当前研究重点是通过模拟和实验方法开展燃气热泵的运行特性研究，而忽略了控制系统。控制系统是燃气热泵的重要组成部分，对于保障机组高效、稳定运行至关重要。本文提出一种嵌入式控制系统，监控GHP冷热水机组（gas engine driven heat pump cold-hot water equipment，GHPW）。详细阐述了多输入输出控制模块、发动机控制模块、蒸发温度控制模块、人机交互模块等燃气热泵核心控制模块的设计原则和方法。通过实验验证了GHPW的运行性能，实验结果表明，控制系统能够准确、稳定地控制机组，实现快速制冷/制热。通过主控制器对发动机转速和蒸发温度的双闭环控制，实现对系统出水温度的稳定性和准确性控制。当环境温度较低时，由于回收发动机余热，GHPW系统的制热能力优于EHP（电热泵）系统。随着环境温度从-20℃上升到7℃，实验系统的制热量从52.94kW逐渐上升到105.87kW，系统一次能源利用率（primary energy ratio，PER）从0.819上升到1.489。发动机余热回收显著提高了系统制热能力和PER。

关键词: 燃气热泵, 制热性能, 余热回收, 控制系统

CLC Number:

TE09

LYU Jie, HUANG Chong, FENG Ziping, HU Yafei, SONG Wenji. Performance and control system of gas engine heat pump based on waste heat recovery[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4182-4192.

吕杰, 黄冲, 冯自平, 胡亚飞, 宋文吉. 基于余热回收的燃气热泵性能及控制系统[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4182-4192.

Figures/Tables 18

References 18

3	胡亚飞, 吕杰, 韩涛, 等.基于余热回收的燃气热泵系统高温制热特性[J]. 化工进展, 2022， 41（7）： 3553-3563.
	HU Yafei, Jie LYU, HAN Tao, et al. Performance characteristics for heating of gas engine-driven heat pump system with waste heat recovery at high ambient temperature[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022， 41（7）： 3553-3563.
4	TIAN Zhongyun, LIU Fengguo, TIAN Changfei, et al. Experimental investigation on cooling performance and optimal superheat of water source gas engine-driven heat pump system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 178: 115494.
5	姜涛, 周慧娟, 周炜然, 等. 考虑燃气热泵配置与运行的区域综合能源系统优化研究[J]. 浙江电力, 2022, 41(3): 42-53.
	JIANG Tao, ZHOU Huijuan, ZHOU Weiran, et al. Optimization research of regional integrated energy system based on gas heat pump configuration and operation[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2022, 41(3): 42-53.
6	王夏冉, 高峻. 北京市某燃气锅炉房燃气热泵系统节能分析[J]. 智能城市, 2020, 6(2): 133-134.
	WANG Xiaran, GAO Jun. Energy saving analysis of gas engine-driven heat pump in a gas-fired boiler room in Beijing[J]. Intelligent City, 2020, 6(2): 133-134.
7	LIU Fengguo, TIAN Zhongyun, MA Zhenxi, et al. Experimental research on the property of water source gas engine-driven heat pump system with chilled and hot water in summer[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 165: 114532.
8	SHIN Y, YANG H, TAE C S, et al. Dynamics modeling of a gas engine-driven heat pump in cooling mode[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2006, 20 (2): 278-285.
9	YANG Zhao, ZHAO Haibo, FANG Zheng. Modeling and dynamic control simulation of unitary gas engine heat pump[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2007, 48: 3146-3153.
10	秦朝葵, 张超, 朱晗. 基于现场实测的燃气热泵（GHP）性能研究[J]. 城市燃气, 2020(12): 29-38.
	QIN Chaokui, ZHANG Chao, ZHU Han. Study on performance of gas engine-driven heat pump (GHP) based on field measurement[J]. Urban Gas, 2020(12): 29-38.
1	DUARTE Willian M, PAULINO Tiago F, TAVARES Sinthya G, et al. Feasibility of solar-geothermal hybrid source heat pump for producing domestic hot water in hot climates[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2021, 124: 184-196.
2	曹宏芳, 赵瑜, 蔺颇. 某高校区域建筑群的燃气热泵空调集控系统改造[J]. 制冷与空调, 2022, 22(4): 67-70.
	CAO Hongfang, ZHAO Yu, LIN Po. Transformation of GHP air-conditioning centralized control system in regional building complex of a university[J]. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, 2022, 22(4): 67-70.
11	ZHANG Qiang, YANG Zhao, LI Ning, et al. A novel solar photovoltaic/thermal assisted gas engine driven energy storage heat pump system (SESGEHPs) and its performance analysis[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 184: 301-314.
12	WANG Mingtao, CHEN Yiguang, LIU Qiyi. Experimental study on the gas engine speed control and heating performance of a gas engine-driven heat pump[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2018, 178: 84-93.
13	RANDALL Wetherington, AHMAD Abu-Heiba, ISAAC Manderekal, et al. Low-cost control system built upon consumer-based electronics for supervisory control of a gas-operated heat pump[C]. Long Beach, CA: Proceedings of the 2017 ASHRAE Annual Conference, 2017.
14	SALEH B, Ayman A ALY. Artificial neural network models for depicting mass flow rate of R22, R407c and R410A through electronic expansion valves[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2016, 63: 113-124.
15	WANG Mingtao, YANG Zhao, WU Xi. Cascade control for the variable capacity of gas engine-driven heat pumps[C]. Kochi: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Application, 2012: 1011-1016.
16	陈涛, 蔡亮, 杨亚南. 基于最优扭矩控制策略的混合动力燃气热泵经济性分析[J]. 中南大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 50(12): 3137-3145.
	CHEN Tao, CAI Liang, YANG Yanan. Economic analysis of parallel hybrid gas heat pump based on optimal torque control strategy[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2019, 50(12): 3137-3145.
17	MA Xiaofan, CAI Liang, MENG Qingkun, et al. Dynamic optimal control and economic analysis of a coaxial parallel- type hybrid power gas engine-driven heat pump[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 131: 607-620.
18	WANG Mingtao, YANG Zhao, SU Xiangchao, et al. Simulation and experimental research of engine rotary speed for gas engine heat pump based on expert control[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2013, 64: 95-102.

项目	数值
热泵制冷量/kW	71
热泵制热量/kW	85
制冷剂	R410A
发动机转速范围/r·min^-1	800~2400
发动机与压缩机传动比	2.19
压缩机排量/mL	86+86
电功率/kW	1.88

项目	数值
热泵制冷量/kW	71
热泵制热量/kW	85
制冷剂	R410A
发动机转速范围/r·min^-1	800~2400
发动机与压缩机传动比	2.19
压缩机排量/mL	86+86
电功率/kW	1.88

主要用电部件	额定功率/W	数量	功率/W
风机	550	3	1650
水泵	260	1	260
电加热器	80,30,180,220	5	510
主电路板	75	1	75

主要用电部件	额定功率/W	数量	功率/W
风机	550	3	1650
水泵	260	1	260
电加热器	80,30,180,220	5	510
主电路板	75	1	75

[1]	HU Yafei, FENG Ziping, TIAN Jiayao, SONG Wenji. Waste heat recovery performance of an air-source gas engine-driven heat pump system in multi-heating operation modes [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4204-4211.
[2]	ZHANG Qunli, HUANG Haotian, ZHANG Lin, ZHAO Wenqiang, ZHANG Qiuyue. Analysis of condensation waste heat recovery system of spray flue gas source heat pump [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 650-657.
[3]	YU Zhiguo. Intelligent control system of district heating based on fixed structure phase change heat storage module [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(S1): 168-176.
[4]	HU Yafei, LYU Jie, HAN Tao, SONG Wenji, FENG Ziping. Performance characteristics for heating of gas engine-driven heat pump system with waste heat recovery at high ambient temperature [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(7): 3553-3563.
[5]	MA Youfu, WANG Ziwen, LYU Junfu. Simulation of off-design performance of an efficient power generation system with cold-ends optimization using hot air recirculation [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(5): 2340-2347.
[6]	Ning JIANG, Shichao ZHAO, Xiaodong XIE, Wei FAN, Xinjie XU, Yingjie XU. Retrofit of heat integrated system of crude oil distillation system with multi-energy complementation by waste heat recovery [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(2): 652-663.
[7]	SONG Zhengyuan, SUN Guogang, ZU Zehui, WANG Zhongyuan. Design and analysis of FCC desulfurized wet flue gas plume elimination, purification and heat recovery system coupling with heat pump [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(12): 6934-6940.
[8]	Hengyu YIN,Junjie FAN,Jiaxiao DENG,Meifang DU,Shixuan CHEN. Analysis and optimization of waste heat recovery system in coke oven [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(3): 1181-1186.
[9]	Weiyi XIE,Xiaoping CHEN,Jiliang MA,Daoyin LIU,Cai LIANG,Ye WU,Tianyi CAI. Waste heat recovery from sodium-based CO₂ capture process incoal-fired power plants [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(2): 720-727.
[10]	Lin SUN, Mingda YANG, Xionglin LUO. Slow-release optimization of heat exchange networks based on sustainable energy saving [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(10): 3941-3948.
[11]	Kongxing HUANG, Guohua CHEN, Tao ZENG, Kun HU. Review of quantitative risk assessment and pre-control system of Na-Tech event in Chemical Industry Park [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(07): 3482-3494.
[12]	Yuxin YANG, Hongguang ZHANG, Rui ZHAO, Jian LI, Tenglong ZHAO, Mengru ZHANG. Effects of variable operating conditions of working fluid pumps on the performance of organic Rankine cycle system [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(02): 851-857.
[13]	YAO Yuting, LI Shiyu. A study on high flux heat exchanger used for low-temperature cogeneration system [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(10): 3737-3743.
[14]	WANG Mingtao, LIU Qiyi, ZHANG Baihao. Effects of condensation condition on cycle performance of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for recovering waste heat of engine using zeotropic mixtures [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(08): 2927-2934.
[15]	ZHU Yilin, LI Weiyi, SUN Guanzhong, TANG Qiang, GAO Jing, CAO Chunhui. Performance analysis for waste heat recovery system of ship diesel engine based on organic Rankine cycle [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2016, 35(12): 3858-3865.