Influence of surface microstructure on arrayed microjet flow boiling heat transfer

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1807

Abstract

Abstract:

Compared with single-phase microjet heat transfer, arrayed microjet boiling combines two highly efficient heat transfer modes of distributed microjet convection and liquid/vapor phase change, which has an important application prospect in the field of high heat flux electronic cooling. A novel arrayed microjet flow boiling heat transfer system, which consisted of microjet-column array on the top cover and micropillar array on the base copper plate, was presented and fabricated. With ethanol as the working fluid, an experimental investigation was conducted in order to disclose the influence of inlet subcooling, the Reynolds number and heat flux on the microjet-column array boiling heat transfer. Furthermore, Ni/graphene micro/nano composite structures were prepared on the micropillar surfaces with electric brush plating method. However, the Ni/graphene microstructures was found to deteriorate heat transfer because of the combined effects of the additional thermal resistance induced by the Ni transition layer and the suppression of bubble detachment caused by the mushroom-like micropillar array structures. In order to overcome the above disadvantages, laser etching was used to cut part of the Ni transition layer and mushroom-like microstructures on the micropillar array. After being treated by laser etching, it was found that the microjet-column array boiling heat transfer was obviously enhanced and the maximum heat transfer coefficient was 30787.0W/(m²∙K), which is increased by 140.7% and 119.8%, respectively, compared with the Ni/graphene covered micropillar surface and the bare micropillar surface. It can be concluded that the effect of micro/nano composite structures on microjet array boiling heat transfer depends their surface morphology and fabrication method, and the laser etching is more suitable than the electric brush plating for the boiling heat transfer enhancement purpose. This work provides a scientific guidance for the design, fabrication and operation for the arrayed microjet boiling heat transfer enhancement with microstructures.

Key words: arrayed microjet, phase change, surface, multiscale, additional thermal resistance

摘要：

与单相射流相比，阵列式微射流沸腾换热耦合了分布式射流与气液相变两种高效传热模式，在高热通量电子器件冷却领域具有重要的应用前景。本文创新性提出一种具有顶部浸入式阵列射流柱与底部微针肋阵列结构耦合的微射流沸腾换热系统，采用无水乙醇为工质，研究了入口过冷度、入口Re、热通量对射流沸腾换热影响特性；采用电刷镀制备了镍/石墨烯微纳复合结构，研究了该复合结构对微针肋阵列表面射流沸腾换热的影响规律，揭示了镍过渡层引入的附加热阻以及蘑菇状微纳复合结构对气泡脱离的抑制是换热削弱的主要原因。为克服上述弊端，采用激光对镍/石墨烯微纳复合结构表面进行了刻蚀，发现激光刻蚀消除了镍/石墨烯微纳复合结构导致的附加热阻及其气泡脱离抑制效应，其最大传热系数达到30787.0W/(m²∙K)，较镍/石墨烯微纳复合结构表面和针肋阵列光滑表面传热系数分别提高了140.7%和119.8%。本文的研究结果表明，微纳复合结构对沸腾换热的影响取决于制备工艺及其结构形貌，激光刻蚀较电刷镀形成的微纳复合结构在微射流沸腾换热强化方面更具优势，为表面微纳结构强化沸腾换热系统设计、制备和运行提供科学参考。

关键词: 阵列微射流, 相变, 表面, 多尺度, 附加热阻

CLC Number:

TK124

ZHANG Chao, YANG Peng, LIU Guanglin, ZHAO Wei, YANG Xufei, ZHANG Wei, YU Bo. Influence of surface microstructure on arrayed microjet flow boiling heat transfer[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4193-4203.

张超, 杨鹏, 刘广林, 赵伟, 杨绪飞, 张伟, 宇波. 表面微结构对阵列微射流沸腾换热的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4193-4203.

Figures/Tables 17

References 23

1	MOORE G. Progress in digital integrated electronics[J]. IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society Newsletter, 1975, 11(3): 36-37.
2	HAO Xiaohong, PENG Bei, XIE Gongnan, et al. Efficient on-chip hotspot removal combined solution of thermoelectric cooler and mini-channel heat sink[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 100: 170-178.
3	SADIQUE H, MURTAZA Q, SAMSHER. Heat transfer augmentation in microchannel heat sink using secondary flows: A review[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2022, 194: 123063.
4	ROBINSON A J, SCHNITZLER E. An experimental investigation of free and submerged miniature liquid jet array impingement heat transfer[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2007, 32(1): 1-13.
5	崔付龙, 詹可敬, 洪芳军. 射流-针肋微通道混合型蒸发器换热特性的实验研究[J]. 制冷技术, 2017, 37(4): 1-6.
	CUI Fulong, ZHAN Kejing, HONG Fangjun. Experimental study on heat transfer performance of jet impingement-pin fin microchannel hybrid evaporator[J]. Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology, 2017, 37(4): 1-6.
6	VADER D T, CHRYSLER G M, CHU R C, et al. Experimental investigation of subcooled liquid nitrogen impingement cooling of a silicon chip[C]//Proceedings of 1995 IEEE/CPMT 11th Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM). IEEE, 2002: 115-121.
7	SUNG M K, MUDAWAR I. CHF determination for high-heat flux phase change cooling system incorporating both micro-channel flow and jet impingement[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, 52(3/4): 610-619.
8	ZHOU D W, MA C F. Local jet impingement boiling heat transfer with R113[J]. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 40(6): 539-549.
9	MEYER M T, MUDAWAR I, BOYACK C E, et al. Single-phase and two-phase cooling with an array of rectangular jets[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2006, 49(1/2): 17-29.
10	NDAO S, PELES Y, JENSEN M K. Experimental investigation of flow boiling heat transfer of jet impingement on smooth and micro structured surfaces[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012, 55(19/20): 5093-5101.
11	崔付龙, 洪芳军, 林涛, 等. 烧结多孔表面分布式阵列射流沸腾[J]. 科学通报, 2020, 65(17): 1760-1769.
	CUI Fulong, HONG Fangjun, LIN Tao, et al. Distributed jet array impingement boiling on particle sintered porous surfaces[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(17): 1760-1769.
12	ZHANG Yonghai, WEI Jinjia, KONG Xin, et al. Confined submerged jet impingement boiling of subcooled FC-72 over micro-pin-finned surfaces[J]. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2016, 37(3/4): 269-278.
13	PROTICH Z, SANTHANAM K S V, JAIKUMAR A, et al. Electrochemical deposition of copper in graphene quantum dot bath: Pool boiling enhancement[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2016, 163(6): E166-E172.
14	张伟, 牛志愿, 李亚, 等. 石墨烯/镍复合微结构表面的池沸腾传热特性[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(10): 3759-3764.
	ZHANG Wei, NIU Zhiyuan, LI Ya, et al. Pool boiling heat transfer characteristics on graphene/nickel composite microstructures[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(10): 3759-3764.
15	丁小龙, 胡振峰, 金国, 等. 电刷镀Ni-石墨烯复合镀层的组织结构及性能[J]. 材料工程, 2018, 46(11): 110-117.
	DING Xiaolong, HU Zhenfeng, JIN Guo, et al. Microstructure and properties of electro-brush plating Ni-graphene composite coating[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2018, 46(11): 110-117.
16	曾龙, 郑贵森, 邓大祥, 等. 多孔壁面微通道换热性能的实验研究[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(9): 4625-4634.
	ZENG Long, ZHENG Guisen, DENG Daxiang, et al. Experimental study of heat transfer performance of porous wall microchannels[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(9): 4625-4634.
17	MOFFAT R J. Describing the uncertainties in experimental results[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1988, 1(1): 3-17.
18	TZENG Sheng-Chung, MA Weiping. Experimental investigation of heat transfer in sintered porous heat sink[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 31(6): 827-836.
19	YANG H, LEE F, CHEIN R. Microchannel heat sink fabrication with roughened bottom walls[J]. Microsystem Technologies, 2006, 12(8): 760-765.
20	KHANIKAR V, MUDAWAR I, FISHER T. Effects of carbon nanotube coating on flow boiling in a micro-channel[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, 52(15/16): 3805-3817.
21	LI J, CHENG P. Bubble cavitation in a microchannel[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47(12/13): 2689-2698.
22	ZHANG Wei, CHAI Yongzhi, XU Jinliang, et al. 3D heterogeneous wetting microchannel surfaces for boiling heat transfer enhancement[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 457: 891-901.
23	张添, 闫凯芬, 张畅, 等. 肋化结构对两相受限式阵列射流冷却的影响[J].化工进展, 2019, 38(10): 4470-4480.
	ZHANG Tian, YAN Kaifen, ZHANG Chang, et al. Effects of pin-finned array porous surface on two-phase confined jet-impingement cooling[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(10): 4470-4480.

物理量	不确定度/%
q′	1.5
T_w	1.2
h	2.8
u_jet	0.2
Re	2.2
Bo	3.3

物理量	不确定度/%
q′	1.5
T_w	1.2
h	2.8
u_jet	0.2
Re	2.2
Bo	3.3

[1]	ZHANG Jie, BAI Zhongbo, FENG Baoxin, PENG Xiaolin, REN Weiwei, ZHANG Jingli, LIU Eryong. Effect of PEG and its compound additives on post-treatment of electrolytic copper foils [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 374-381.
[2]	LIU Yang, WANG Yungang, XIU Haoran, ZOU Li, BAI Yanyuan. Optimal carbonization process of walnut shell based on dynamic analysis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 94-103.
[3]	XU Youhao, WANG Wei, LU Bona, XU Hui, HE Mingyuan. China’s oil refining innovation: MIP development strategy and enlightenment [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4465-4470.
[4]	SHI Yu, ZHAO Yunchao, FAN Zhixuan, JIANG Dahua. Experimental study on the optimum phase change temperature of phase change roofs in hot summer and cold winter areas [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4828-4836.
[5]	LI Xuejia, LI Peng, LI Zhixia, JIN Dunshang, GUO Qiang, SONG Xufeng, SONG Peng, PENG Yuelian. Experimental comparation on anti-scaling and anti-wetting ability of hydrophilic and hydrophobic modified membranes [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4458-4464.
[6]	XIANG Yang, HUANG Xun, WEI Zidong. Recent progresses in the activity and selectivity improvement of electrocatalytic organic synthesis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4005-4014.
[7]	BU Zhicheng, JIAO Bo, LIN Haihua, SUN Hongyuan. Review on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and advances in pulsating heat pipes [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4167-4181.
[8]	TANG Lei, ZENG Desen, LING Ziye, ZHANG Zhengguo, FANG Xiaoming. Research progress of phase change materials and their application systems for cool storage [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4322-4339.
[9]	LI Haidong, YANG Yuankun, GUO Shushu, WANG Benjin, YUE Tingting, FU Kaibin, WANG Zhe, HE Shouqin, YAO Jun, CHEN Shu. Effect of carbonization and calcination temperature on As(Ⅲ) removal performance of plant-based Fe-C microelectrolytic materials [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3652-3663.
[10]	ZHANG Kai, LYU Qiunan, LI Gang, LI Xiaosen, MO Jiamei. Morphology and occurrence characteristics of methane hydrates in the mud of the South China Sea [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3865-3874.
[11]	LIU Houli, GU Zhonghao, YANG Kang, ZHANG Li. Effect of groove width on pool boiling heat transfer characteristics in 3D printing groove structure [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2282-2288.
[12]	ZHANG Chenyu, WANG Ning, XU Hongtao, LUO Zhuqing. Performance evaluation of the multiple layer latent heat thermal energy storage unit combined with nanoparticle for heat transfer enhancement [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2332-2342.
[13]	LI Xue, WANG Yanjun, WANG Yuchao, TAO Shengyang. Recent advances in bionic surfaces for fog collection [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2486-2503.
[14]	ZHAO Yao, ZHOU Zhihui, WU Hongdan, HU Chuanzhi, ZHANG Guochun, WU Ruipeng. Response surface analysis and optimization of membrane permeation vaporization by Silicalite-1 molecular sieve [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2586-2594.
[15]	XU Yuzhen, JIANG Dahua, LIU Jingtao, CHEN Pu. Preparation and properties of fly ash based phase change energy storage materials [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2595-2605.