Electrochemical energy conversion and storage based on chemical engineering

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0742

Abstract

Abstract:

Power generation driven by intermittent renewable energy such as wind and solar energy, has brought new vitality and opportunity for the rapid development of energy technology. Therefore, developing efficient energy conversion and storage system has become one of the major challenges in the world. The development tendency of electrochemical energy conversion and storage in the future is prospected, which could provide a significant theory and technique guidance for solving the key problems in the industrial applications. Chemical engineering perspectives on the research progress of electrochemical energy conversion and storage in battery, supercapacitor and electrocatalysis are given. Moreover, the status and problems of this field are clarified and analyzed from the aspects of ‘momentum, heat and mass transfer’, system engineering, separation engineering, novel & green and energy-saving strategies.

Key words: transport processes, electrochemistry, reaction engineering, electrolysis, separation

摘要：

以风力/太阳能等为代表的间歇性可再生能源发电技术为能源快速发展注入了新的活力和契机。为此，发展这些电能的高效转换与存储体系至关重要，已成为当今世界范围内的重大挑战性课题之一。基于此，本文讨论和展望了化学工程视野下的电化学能源转换与存储技术的未来发展方向，为解决该领域工业化发展中的关键科学和技术问题提供了有效指导，将全面促进电化学能源转换与存储领域的快速发展。文章从化学工程的视角综述了电化学能源转换与存储技术（二次电池、超级电容器、电化学催化等）的国内外研究发展状况，指出并剖析了该体系存在的关键科学/技术问题，主要内容包括电化学能源转换与存储领域中的三传一反、系统工程、分离工程以及绿色节能新策略等。

关键词: 传递过程, 电化学, 反应工程, 电解, 分离

CLC Number:

HUANG Hongling, YU Chang, QIU Jieshan. Electrochemical energy conversion and storage based on chemical engineering[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(9): 4696-4702.

黄红菱, 于畅, 邱介山. 化学工程视野下的电化学能源转换与存储[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(9): 4696-4702.

Figures/Tables 3

References 56

1	苏文礼, 范煜. 金属基材料电催化CO₂还原的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1384-1394.
	SU Wenli, FAN Yu. Progress of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ on metal-based materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1384-1394.
2	KWAK W J, ROSY, SHARON D, et al. Lithium-oxygen batteries and related systems: potential, status, and future[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2020, 120(14): 6626-6683.
3	FAN E, LI L, WANG Z, et al. Sustainable recycling technology for Li-ion batteries and beyond: challenges and future prospects[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2020, 120(14): 7020-7063.
4	XIE Y Y, ZHANG W M, GU S, et al. Process engineering in electrochemical energy devices innovation[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016, 24(1): 39-47.
5	HUANG H W, ZHOU S, YU C, et al. Rapid and energy-efficient microwave pyrolysis for high-yield production of highly-active bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2020, 13(2): 545-553.
6	REN Y W, YU C, TAN X Y, et al. Strategies to suppress hydrogen evolution for highly selective electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction: challenges and perspectives[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2021, 14(3): 1176-1193.
7	TAN X Y, YU C, REN Y W, et al. Recent advances in innovative strategies for the CO₂ electroreduction reaction[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2021, 14(2): 765-780.
8	YOU B, SUN Y. Innovative strategies for electrocatalytic water splitting[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2018, 51(7): 1571-1580.
9	GUO W, YU C, LI S F, et al. Toward commercial-level mass-loading electrodes for supercapacitors: opportunities, challenges and perspectives[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2021, 14(2): 576-601.
10	YANG X W, CHENG C, WANG Y F, et al. Liquid-mediated dense integration of graphene materials for compact capacitive energy storage[J]. Science, 2013, 341(6145): 534-537.
11	LIU K L, YU C, GUO W, et al. Recent research advances of self-discharge in supercapacitors: mechanisms and suppressing strategies[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2021, 58: 94-109.
12	XU M, LIU Y H, YU Q, et al. Phenylenediamine-formaldehyde chemistry derived N-doped hollow carbon spheres for high-energy-density supercapacitors[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2021, 32(1): 184-189.
13	ZHAO C T, YU C, ZHANG M D, et al. Tailor-made graphene aerogels with inbuilt baffle plates by charge-induced template-directed assembly for high-performance Li–S batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3(43): 21842-21848.
14	CHANG J W, SONG X D, YU C, et al. Gravity field-mediated synthesis of carbon-conjugated quantum dots with tunable defective density for enhanced triiodide reduction[J]. Nano Energy, 2020, 69: 104377.
15	LIU Y Y, ZHU Y Y, CUI Y. Challenges and opportunities towards fast-charging battery materials[J]. Nature Energy, 2019, 4(7): 540-550.
16	LIU X, REN D S, HSU H, et al. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries without internal short circuit[J]. Joule, 2018, 2(10): 2047-2064.
17	WANG C Y, ZHANG G S, GE S H, et al. Lithium-ion battery structure that self-heats at low temperatures[J]. Nature, 2016, 529(7587): 515-518.
18	ZHAO C T, YU C, ZHANG M D, et al. Enhanced sodium storage capability enabled by super wide-interlayer-spacing MoS₂ integrated on carbon fibers[J]. Nano Energy, 2017, 41: 66-74.
19	ZHAO C T, YU C, QIU B, et al. Ultrahigh rate and long-life sodium-ion batteries enabled by engineered surface and near-surface reactions[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(7): 1702486.
20	YU J H, YU C, GUO W, et al. Decoupling and correlating the ion transport by engineering 2D carbon nanosheets for enhanced charge storage[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 64: 103921.
21	LEE G, LI Y C, KIM J Y, et al. Electrochemical upgrade of CO₂ from amine capture solution[J]. Nature Energy, 2021, 6(1): 46-53.
22	LEOW W R, LUM Y, OZDEN A, et al. Chloride-mediated selective electrosynthesis of ethylene and propylene oxides at high current density[J]. Science, 2020, 368(6496): 1228-1233.
23	WANG Y W, HE J T, LIU C C, et al. Thermodynamics versus kinetics in nanosynthesis[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2015, 54(7): 2022-2051.
24	YANG J, ZENG Z Y, KANG J, et al. Formation of two-dimensional transition metal oxide nanosheets with nanoparticles as intermediates[J]. Nature Materials, 2019, 18(9): 970-976.
25	LAO Z X, HU Y L, ZHANG C C, et al. Capillary force driven self-assembly of anisotropic hierarchical structures prepared by femtosecond laser 3D printing and their applications in crystallizing microparticles[J]. ACS Nano, 2015, 9(12): 12060-12069.
26	HOU C Y, ZHANG M W, KASAMA T, et al. Reagent-free synthesis and plasmonic antioxidation of unique nanostructured metal-metal oxide core-shell microfibers[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(21): 4097-4104.
27	LIU T, DOU X Y, XU Y H, et al. In situ investigation of dynamic silver crystallization driven by chemical reaction and diffusion[J]. Research, 2020, 2020: 1-11.
28	CHENG H, CUI P X, WANG F R, et al. High efficiency electrochemical nitrogen fixation achieved with a lower pressure reaction system by changing the chemical equilibrium[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2019, 131(43): 15687-15693.
29	章冬云, 马紫峰, 原鲜霞. 乙醇电催化氧化反应动力学分析与研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2005, 24(2): 126-131.
	ZHANG Dongyun, MA Zifeng, YUAN Xianxia. Analysis and investigation of the reaction kinetics for the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2005, 24(2): 126-131.
30	HAN X T, SHENG H Y, YU C, et al. Electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol to formic acid by CuCo₂O₄ spinel oxide nanostructure catalysts[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2020, 10(12): 6741-6752.
31	GREENBLATT J B, MILLER D J, AGER J W, et al. The technical and energetic challenges of separating (photo)electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction products[J]. Joule, 2018, 2(3): 381-420.
32	LAGADEC M F, GRIMAUD A. Water electrolysers with closed and open electrochemical systems[J]. Nature Materials, 2020, 19(11): 1140-1150.
33	DOTAN H, LANDMAN A, SHEEHAN S W, et al. Decoupled hydrogen and oxygen evolution by a two-step electrochemical-chemical cycle for efficient overall water splitting[J]. Nature Energy, 2019, 4(9): 786-795.
34	HUANG H L, YU C, HAN X T, et al. Ni, Co hydroxide triggers electrocatalytic production of high-purity benzoic acid over 400mA·cm^-2[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2020, 13(12): 4990-4999.
35	王振帅, 邢宝林, 韩学锋, 等. 煤沥青基微晶炭的制备及其储锂性能[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(1): 313-323.
	WANG Zhenshuai, XING Baolin, HAN Xuefeng, et al. Preparation of coal tar pitch-based microcrystal carbons and their lithium storage properties[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(1): 313-323.
36	GUO Z, XIAO N, LI H Q, et al. Achieving efficient electroreduction CO₂ to CO in a wide potential range over pitch-derived ordered mesoporous carbon with engineered Ni-N sites[J]. Journal of CO₂ Utilization, 2020, 38: 212-219.
37	XIAO N, WEI Y B, LI H Q, et al. Boosting the sodium storage performance of coal-based carbon materials through structure modification by solvent extraction[J]. Carbon, 2020, 162: 431-437.
38	XIE X Y, HE X J, ZHANG H F, et al. Interconnected sheet-like porous carbons from coal tar by a confined soft-template strategy for supercapacitors[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 350: 49-56.
39	李德念, 陈会兵, 阳济章, 等. 生物质焦油衍生氮掺杂多孔碳负载Co₃O₄纳米晶的制备及双功能氧反应催化[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(11): 4446-4455.
	LI Denian, CHEN Huibing, YANG Jizhang, et al. Biomass tar-derived carbon doped with nitrogen to load Co₃O₄ nanocrystals as efficient bifunctional catalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(11): 4446-4455.
40	杨蒙蒙, 姚卫棠. 生物质碳材料在钾离子电池负极材料中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1495-1505.
	YANG Mengmeng, YAO Weitang. Application of biomass carbonmaterial in anodematerial of potassium ion battery[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1495-1505.
41	LI C, WANG Y W, XIAO N, et al. Nitrogen-doped porous carbon from coal for high efficiency CO₂ electrocatalytic reduction[J]. Carbon, 2019, 151: 46-52.
42	LI H Q, XIAO N, WANG Y W, et al. Promoting the electroreduction of CO₂ with oxygen vacancies on a plasma-activated SnO_x/carbon foam monolithic electrode[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2020, 8(4): 1779-1786.
43	WANG Y W, XIAO N, WANG Z Y, et al. Rational design of high-performance sodium-ion battery anode by molecular engineering of coal tar pitch[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 342: 52-60.
44	ZHU J Y, ZHANG S, WANG L X, et al. Engineering cross-linking by coal-based graphene quantum dots toward tough, flexible, and hydrophobic electrospun carbon nanofiber fabrics[J]. Carbon, 2018, 129: 54-62.
45	GAO F, QU J Y, ZHAO Z B, et al. A green strategy for the synthesis of graphene supported Mn₃O₄ nanocomposites from graphitized coal and their supercapacitor application[J]. Carbon, 2014, 80: 640-650.
46	FAN X M, YU C, YANG J, et al. A layered-nanospace-confinement strategy for the synthesis of two-dimensional porous carbon nanosheets for high-rate performance supercapacitors[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2015, 5(7): 1401761.
47	ZHANG P, SONG X D, YU C, et al. Biomass-derived carbon nanospheres with turbostratic structure as metal-free catalysts for selective hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017, 5(9): 7481-7485.
48	LING Z, WANG Z Y, ZHANG M D, et al. Sustainable synthesis and assembly of biomass-derived B/N co-doped carbon nanosheets with ultrahigh aspect ratio for high-performance supercapacitors[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2016, 26(1): 111-119.
49	ZHANG M D, YU C, LING Z, et al. A recyclable route to produce biochar with a tailored structure and surface chemistry for enhanced charge storage[J]. Green Chemistry, 2019, 21(8): 2095-2103.
50	LIU N, WANG X Z, XU W Y, et al. Microwave-assisted synthesis of MoS₂/graphene nanocomposites for efficient hydrodesulfurization[J]. Fuel, 2014, 119: 163-169.
51	HE X J, LI R C, QIU J S, et al. Synthesis of mesoporous carbons for supercapacitors from coal tar pitch by coupling microwave-assisted KOH activation with a MgO template[J]. Carbon, 2012, 50(13): 4911-4921.
52	HU H, ZHAO Z B, ZHOU Q, et al. The role of microwave absorption on formation of graphene from graphite oxide[J]. Carbon, 2012, 50(9): 3267-3273.
53	HE X J, GENG Y J, QIU J S, et al. Effect of activation time on the properties of activated carbons prepared by microwave-assisted activation for electric double layer capacitors[J]. Carbon, 2010, 48(5): 1662-1669.
54	WANG Z, YU C, HUANG H W, et al. Carbon-enabled microwave chemistry: from interaction mechanisms to nanomaterial manufacturing[J]. Nano Energy, 2021, 85: 106027.
55	HUANG H W, YU C, HUANG H L, et al. Microwave-assisted ultrafast synthesis of molybdenum carbide nanoparticles grown on carbon matrix for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Small Methods, 2019, 3(11): 1900259.
56	WANG Z, YU C, HUANG H W, et al. Energy accumulation enabling fast synthesis of intercalated graphite and operando decoupling for lithium storage[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 31(15): 2009801.

[1]	HE Meijin. Application and development trend of molecular management in separation technology in petrochemical field [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 260-266.
[2]	ZHANG Mingyan, LIU Yan, ZHANG Xueting, LIU Yake, LI Congju, ZHANG Xiuling. Research progress of non-noble metal bifunctional catalysts in zinc-air batteries [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 276-286.
[3]	XIE Luyao, CHEN Songzhe, WANG Laijun, ZHANG Ping. Platinum-based catalysts for SO₂ depolarized electrolysis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 299-309.
[4]	HU Xi, WANG Mingshan, LI Enzhi, HUANG Siming, CHEN Junchen, GUO Bingshu, YU Bo, MA Zhiyuan, LI Xing. Research progress on preparation and sodium storage properties of tungsten disulfide composites [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 344-355.
[5]	ZHANG Jie, BAI Zhongbo, FENG Baoxin, PENG Xiaolin, REN Weiwei, ZHANG Jingli, LIU Eryong. Effect of PEG and its compound additives on post-treatment of electrolytic copper foils [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 374-381.
[6]	CUI Shoucheng, XU Hongbo, PENG Nan. Simulation analysis of two MOFs materials for O₂/He adsorption separation [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 382-390.
[7]	LI Shilin, HU Jingze, WANG Yilin, WANG Qingji, SHAO Lei. Research progress in separation and extraction of high value components by electrodialysis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 420-429.
[8]	GUO Qiang, ZHAO Wenkai, XIAO Yonghou. Numerical simulation of enhancing fluid perturbation to improve separation of dimethyl sulfide/nitrogen via pressure swing adsorption [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 64-72.
[9]	LIAO Zhixin, LUO Tao, WANG Hong, KONG Jiajun, SHEN Haiping, GUAN Cuishi, WANG Cuihong, SHE Yucheng. Application and progress of solvent deasphalting technology [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4573-4586.
[10]	WANG Yaogang, HAN Zishan, GAO Jiachen, WANG Xinyu, LI Siqi, YANG Quanhong, WENG Zhe. Strategies for regulating product selectivity of copper-based catalysts in electrochemical CO₂ reduction [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4043-4057.
[11]	LIU Yi, FANG Qiang, ZHONG Dazhong, ZHAO Qiang, LI Jinping. Cu facets regulation of Ag/Cu coupled catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4136-4142.
[12]	ZHANG Yajuan, XU Hui, HU Bei, SHI Xingwei. Preparation of NiCoP/rGO/NF electrocatalyst by eletroless plating for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4275-4282.
[13]	WANG Shuaiqing, YANG Siwen, LI Na, SUN Zhanying, AN Haoran. Research progress on element doped biomass carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4296-4306.
[14]	PAN Yichang, ZHOU Rongfei, XING Weihong. Advanced microporous membranes for efficient separation of same-carbon-number hydrocarbon mixtures: State-of-the-art and challenges [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 3926-3942.
[15]	ZHOU Longda, ZHAO Lixin, XU Baorui, ZHANG Shuang, LIU Lin. Advances in electrostatic-cyclonic coupling enhanced multiphase media separation research [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3443-3456.