Abstract:

Clathrate hydrate is the use of the cage structure constructed by water molecules through hydrogen bonding to store and extract methane and other energy gases. Therefore, nature gas storage via clathrate hydrates is the best option for a large-scale storage system because of its non-explosive nature, mild storage conditions, high volumetric capacity and being an environmentally benign process. Natural gas hydrate is a bridge fuel between traditional energy and green energy, which has become a hot spot of research and development by scientists all over the world for research and development. In this paper, it is discussed that as an important research direction of energy and chemical industry, the research of clathrate hydrate mainly focuses on energy and environment, flow safety and engineering application, etc. In all aspects, it covers the fields of energy conversion and energy storage, such as solidified natural gas (SNG), CO₂ capture and gas separation, refrigeration and cold storage, seawater desalination, automobile fuel, hydrogen production and hydrogen storage. Vigorously develop clathrate hydrate derivation technology to achieve the extraction of methane while capturing carbon dioxide, which will help achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. The formation of clathrate hydrate depends on its own thermodynamic phase equilibrium conditions, the dynamic properties of the reaction process and the transfer process. The process from formation to decomposition mainly includes a series of steps, such as dissolution, nucleation, growth, crystal cracking and desorption. The micro mechanism of the process is complex. The use of multi-scale methods to study the microstructure, interface phenomena, macro-applications and mechanism of hydrate formation will help expand the principles and knowledge of chemical engineering. It will also benefit the development of new materials and new processes in the energy and chemical engineering, and promote the development of energy and chemical engineering.

Key words: clathrate hydrate, natural gas, green energy, multiscale, flow safety, carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture, energy and chemical engineering

摘要：

笼型水合物是利用水分子通过氢键作用构建的笼型结构对甲烷等能源气体进行存储和提取，具有高安全性、高储存容量、温和储存条件、环境友好等优点。天然气水合物是传统能源和绿色能源之间的桥梁燃料，已成为世界各国科学家竞相研究开发的热点。本文综述了笼型水合物在能源与环境、流动安全、工程应用三个方面的研究成果，涵盖了固化天然气（SNG）、CO₂捕获和气体分离、蓄冷、海水淡化、汽车燃料以及制氢与储氢等能量转换、能量储存的领域。文章指出大力发展笼型水合物衍生技术，实现提取甲烷同时捕获二氧化碳，有助于实现碳中和的目标。阐述了笼型水合物生成依赖于其自身的热力学相平衡条件、反应过程的动力学性质及传递过程强化，从生成到分解的过程主要包括溶解、成核、生长、晶裂和解吸等一系列步骤，过程的微观机理复杂。展望了利用多尺度方法研究水合物生成的微观结构、界面现象、宏观应用和作用机理，有助于扩展化学工程的原理和知识，对开发能源化工领域新材料新工艺也有裨益，从而促进能源化工的发展。

关键词: 笼型水合物, 天然气, 绿色能源, 多尺度, 流动安全, 二氧化碳捕集, 能源化工