Abstract: Focusing on the damage of oil spill and the development of technology of adsorption treatment，the classification，oil adsorption mechanism，and advantages and disadvantages of oil spill adsorption materials are summarized in this review. The modified natural organic fibers materials are important directions for adsorption of oil spill. Furthermore，the structure，oil spill adsorption performance and modification methods of natural organic adsorption materials are summarized and analyzed. Steam explosion followed by esterification or etherification other than acidic or alkali pretreatment of natural organic fibers materials is a feasible route of natural organic adsorption materials modification，and it has great potential in economic feasibility and environmental sustained development.

Key words: natural organic fibers, adsorption, adsorbents, steam explosion, environment

摘要： 针对溢油的危害和吸附处理技术的发展，系统总结了吸油材料的分类、吸油机理、优缺点。指出了改性天然有机材料是解决溢油吸附的重要方向，在总结分析天然有机吸油材料的结构、吸油性能以及现有改性方法的基础上，指出利用蒸汽爆破代替酸碱预处理，进一步通过酯化或者醚化改性制得吸油材料是一可行的技术路线，在经济可行性和环境可持续发展方面具有极大的潜力。

关键词: 天然有机纤维, 吸附, 吸附剂, 蒸汽爆破, 环境