Abstract:

Solid hydrogen storage technology is a way to store hydrogen by using solid hydrogen storage materials, which has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density, mild hydrogen absorption and desorption pressure and high safety. However, the traditional solid hydrogen storage materials are faced with significant problems such as difficult activation, slow reaction rate of hydrogen absorption and desorption and poor circulation stability, which seriously hinder the large-scale application of hydrogen. In recent years, researchers found that the introduction of various metal oxides as catalysts can significantly improve the activation, hydrogen absorption and desorption, and cycling stability of hydrogen storage materials. Relevant studies showed that by regulating the type, addition amount and distribution of metal oxide catalysts, the surface structure of hydrogen storage materials can be changed, the activation energy of hydrogen storage materials can be effectively reduced and their hydrogen storage properties can be improved. However, there was still a lack of clear theoretical guidance on the catalytic mechanism of metal oxides for solid hydrogen storage materials. Therefore, researchers should constantly design, optimize and regulate metal oxide catalysts to screen out metal oxides with excellent catalytic performance for solid hydrogen storage materials. Finally, the large-scale application of metal oxide catalyst in the field of solid hydrogen storage materials would be realized.

Key words: hydrogen storage materials, metal oxide, catalyst, hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics, hydrogen storage technology

摘要：

固态储氢技术是一种采用固态储氢材料来储存氢气的方式，具有储氢密度高、吸放氢压力温和及安全性高等优点。本文提出传统的固态储氢材料面临着活化难、吸放氢速率慢及循环稳定性差等显著问题，严重阻碍氢气的规模化应用。近年来，研究人员发现引入不同金属氧化物作为催化剂，可以显著改善固态储氢材料的活化、吸放氢及循环稳定等性能。文中综述了相关研究表明：通过调控金属氧化物催化剂的种类、添加量及分布状态，可有效改变固态储氢材料的表面结构，降低吸放氢活化能，进而提升储氢性能，但是金属氧化物对固态储氢材料的催化机理仍然缺乏明确的理论指导。因此，文中提出需要对金属氧化物催化剂不断地进行设计、优化及调控，筛选出对固态储氢材料具有优异催化性能的金属氧化物，最终实现金属氧化物催化剂在固态储氢材料领域的规模化应用。

关键词: 固态储氢材料, 金属氧化物, 催化剂, 吸放氢动力学, 储氢技术